SOUTH AMERICAN NEM ATOGN ATHI. 445 



b. Lower caudal lobe uot produced, scarcely, if any, longer than the 

 upper; margin of caudal obliquely truncate, a dusky spot at the base 

 of the first dorsal membrane. D. I, 7; A. 4 or 5; Lat. 1. 24. 



c. Eye 6-7 J in the head; preopercular spine 11-15; median tentacles 

 of the male profusely branched, a small graniilar joatch on the 

 breast below the base of the pectoral; faded. chagresi 436. 



cc. Ej'e 7-10 in the head; preopercular spines 25 or more; median 

 tentacles of the male flattened, mostly simple; breast entirely naked; 

 head broad, depressed; dark brown, thickly covered with light spots 

 which are smallest and most regular on the head; ventral surface 

 lighter. Fins dark brown, irregularly sjaotted with light. 



stigmaticus 437. 

 bb. Lower caiidal lobe decidedly longer than the upper. 



d. Head longer than broad. 



e. Outer caudal rays produced; caudal emarginate. 



/. D. I, 7, rarely I, 8; upper and lower caudal rays produced; 9 to 

 12 interopercular sjiines; eye 3-3:^ in the iuterorbital. 6|-7 in 

 the head; median tentacles of the male simple, rarely bifid; 

 lateral scutes with strong marginal spines, a minute granular 

 plate on the breast below the base of the pectoral spine. Dark 

 brown, everywhere covered with rather large light sj^ots; a 

 dark spot on the base of the first dorsal membrane, the remain- 

 der usually plain dusky; dorsal otherwise dark brown with 

 wavy, interrupted horizontal bands, other fins spotted with 

 lighter. Head 2|-3; Lat. 1. 24-25. cirrhosus 438. 



ff. D. I, 7; dorsal surface dark brown, with two darker cross 

 bands; head irregularly marbled; the color of the body and head 

 much as in Cha'tostomiis gutiirensis; ventral surface and fins 

 colored as in cirrhosus, other characters agreeing with those of 

 cirrhosus. cirrhosus cluhius 438a. 



fff. D. I, 7; upi^er and lower caudal rays produced; 9-12 inter- 

 opercular spines; ej^e 3-4 in the interorbital, 7 in the head; 

 light or dark brown, everywhere covered with white dots which 

 are largest on the belly; fins colored like the body; a dusky 

 spot on the base of the first dorsal membrane. Head 2*-2^. 



leucostictus 439. 

 ee. Outer caudal rays not iJroduced. 



g. D. I, 7; dark brown, ventral surface lighter, everywhere with 

 small lighter spots very closely crowded and scarcely evident 

 on the dorsal surface; fins dusky, obscurely marbled; Lat. 1. 23; 

 head 3. hoplogeniis 440. 



gg. D. I, 8-9, rarely I, 7. Dark brown, sometimes everywhere 

 with dark spots which occasionally have a white center; fins 

 dusky, the base of the dorsal obscurely spotted like the body. 



temminkii 441. 



