OF CONCHOLOGY. 127 



gated," and leaving the residuum eliminated by such diagnosis 

 in the remaining and otherwise not restricted sub-genus. 



It is also necessary to recall that Klein had, as early as 1753, 

 proposed for species of this group the pseudogeneric names 

 Madix'hryonice^ Harpago, Hejjtadactylus and Millipes. 



'"'■Radix bryonice'' formed " genus xii " of his " classis ii, (Voluta 

 longa,)" and the others, respectively, genera ii, iii and iv of his 

 " classis iv, (Alata) " of his " sectio ii, Cochlis cornposita," — the 

 latter being one of two groups into which Klein divided the 

 univalve shells, and whose only common character was (applica- 

 ble to a limited extent only), based on the obconic or cylindroid 

 form of the large body whorl, and the comparatively small spire,* 

 which conveyed to Klein the idea of two spiral shells having a 

 common base. His class " Voluta longa" was based on the 

 obconic or oblong form capped by a little prominent spire,t and 

 his " Alata," accepted from Rumphius, on the alation of the 

 outer lip, and the sinus with which that lip is furnished towards the 

 front.| The characters of these groups not being comparable 

 or contrasted, it is not to be wondered at that a man like Klein 

 should have referred the same form to two classes [i. e. families] 

 especially if that form possessed the characters of each. And 

 in truth Klein's genera Radix hryonioe and Heptadactylus are 

 based on the same form, but then they really have the characters 

 of the classes in which they are respectively placed ! Radix 

 hryonioe has the obconic form (and so does HeptadadyJus) of the 

 Voluta longa, and Heptadactylus has the alate and sinuated lip 

 of the Alata (but which likewise Radix hryonice possesses) ! 

 Klein's failure to perceive the relations in this case may be 

 supposed to have resulted from the immature condition of Radix 

 hryonice, the digitations being little developed ;§ Harpago was 

 distinguished by its six spines, of which one, the largest, followed 

 the direction of the spire, and two, one on each side of the first, 



* Klein's diagnosis was as follows : " Coclilides composiias dicinius, in 

 quibus duplex testiB circumvolulio, ita ut quasi ex duabus cochlidibus 

 videatur composita." P. 59. 



t " Coclilides volutce dicuntur longce, quae, praeter ventris oblongi gyros 

 interoos, alios ex basi producunt externos." P. 64. 



t " Alatas diciraus, cum Rumphio, coclilides compositas, quae labium in- 

 signiter expandunt, & ad anteriorem canaliculuni sinum exscissura habent. 

 Si labium in murices abit, dicuntur speciali nomine : Cornuta." p. 97. 



The class Alata corresponds to the Alata or Strombidas of modern 

 naturalists, after the excbision of the Rostellan'ce, and Klein's acceptance 

 of so natural an assemblage does not permit one, as so often tempted, to 

 utterly deny him any judgment or power of appreciation and valuation of 

 characters. 



» § '■ (Jenus xii. Radix bryonise. ? 211. Huic radici assimilamus vo/iiiam 

 conicam in decurrente mucrone radiatara." p. 79. 



