1817.) Wahlenberg on the Carpathian Mountains. 147 
halden, 3815 feet above the level of the sea, the temperature of 
which was as follows :— 
Sify Bae Sacra car sen 
From these two fountains we learn that the temperature of the 
earth on the Carpathian mountains, about 266 feet below the limit 
‘of the beech, is 2°7° lower than in Switzerland ; where Wahlen- 
berg found the temperature of the earth at the limit of the beeches 
to be 42°8°, 
Below the cottages at Krivan issue the fountains called Drey- 
brunnen, 3556 feet above the level of thesea. Their temperature 
was— 
JuNE 80°. 4igy. evaawaonese weds aa) 4064° 
Bugs 10+ sinus dole eves acs wala re 4336 
The temperature of the fountain called Doszila, in the valley of 
Raczkova, 3901 feet above the level of the sea, was— 
Alage Diy. vosiclenideeees eeere ee oes @¢e ee 40°28° 
The temperature of a fountain at the upper part of the valley 
Stavnicza, in the Djumbier, situated 5219 feet above the level of 
the sea, was— 
dune 216. vs ots tae eum Wak © «Gai oe ber. eOG” 
BERG ce ae <a ae te aia tatat sears de Sains oot Oe 
Another fountain, called Rauberbrunnen, 6176 feet above the 
sea, and situated on the upper side of the Djumbier, was of the 
temperature— 
ee 2B ir PO OHSS, ore CBT 94° 
Aug. 1 *eeevevreeseeveveeeeeweeeeeeeee ee 383 
The Fischsee, which is situated at the height of 4807 feet above 
the sea, contains fishes, namely, the salmo fario. These fishes are 
to be found, likewise, in another lake at nearly the same height. 
All the other lakes in these mountains, which are higher, are desti- 
tute of fishes. 
The inhabitants of Hungary complain of the great cold of the 
nights, even during the hottest weather; but the thermometer does 
not indicate any great depression. Wahlenberg ascribes the extreme 
effect of the evenings in that country upon animals to the great 
dryness of the winds, which, blowing over a large tract of continent, 
acquire the property of absorbing moisture with avidity; and the 
great evaporation in his opinion occasions the feeling of cold of 
which the inhabitants complain ; but this explanation does not tally 
with the great deposition of dew which he acknowledges takes place 
there, and which we know takes place likewise in Egypt and 
Arabia, and other countries where a similar sensation of cold is 
perceived. I have no doubt that the feeling is owing to the great 
quantity of heat radiated from living bodies during the night, in con- 
sequence of the almost perpetual cloudless state of the sky. It may 
K 2 
