270 On the Poison Tree of Java. [Aprit, 
attempt to thrust it through the muscles, it separates itself from 
the dart, and adheres externally to the integuments. 
The operation of the two different poisons on the animal system 
is essentially different. 
The first 17 experiments were made with the antshar ; the rapi- 
dity of its effect depends in a great degree on the size of the 
vessels wounded, and on the quantity of poison carried into the 
circulation. 
In the first experiment it induced death in 26 minutes; in the 
second, which was made with the sap collected in Poogar, in 13 
minutes. The poison from different parts of the island has been 
found nearly equal in activity. 
In the ninth experiment, with the poison from Passooroowang, 
death followed in 29 minutes. 
The common train of symptoms is a trembling and shivering of 
the extremities, restlessness, erection of the hair, discharges from 
the-bowels, drooping and faintness, slight spasms and convulsions, 
hasty breathing, an increased flow of saliva, spasmodic contractions 
of the pectoral and abdominal muscles, retching, vomiting, ex- 
cremental vomiting, frothy vomiting, great agony, laborious breath- 
ing, violent and repeated convulsions, death. 
The effects are nearly the same on quadrupeds, in whatever part 
of the body the wound is made, It sometimes acts with so much 
force, that not all the symptoms enumerated are observed; in 
these cases, after the premonitory symptoms (tremors, twitchings, 
faintness, and an increased flow of saliva,) the convulsions come on 
suddenly, and are quickly followed by death.—See the 17th expe- 
riment. 
The oopas appears to affect different quadrupeds with nearly 
equal force, proportionate in some degree to their size and disposi- 
tion. To dogs it proved mortal in most experiments within an 
hour; a mouse died in 10 minutes, see Exper. eighth; a monkey 
in seven minutes, see Exper. llth; a cat in 15 minutes, see 
Exper. 12th. 
A buffalo, one of the largest quadrupeds of the island, died in 
two hours and 10 minutes, see Exper. 13th. J do not think the 
quantity of poison introduced in this experiment was proportioned 
to that which was thrown into the system in the experiments on 
smaller animals; the dart fell from the wound before a sufficient 
quantity had been taken into the circulation to produce a rapid 
effect. If an animal is pierced by an iron spear to which the 
poison has been applied, it feels comparatively but little of the 
effects, because the weapon is again retracted, and the poison 
does not remain in contact with the wound long enough to be 
taken into the circulation. Mr. Leschenaut de Ja Tour stabbed a 
buffalo a number of times successively with a common spear or 
pike of the Javanese, largely covered with the poison of the 
tshettik, without very sensibly affecting the animal. A dart or 
