272 On the Poison Tree of Java. {Arrity 
which they show by violently picking these parts; this is followed 
by a loose discharge from the bowels, when they are seized with 
tremors and fluttering of the wings, which having continued a short 
time, they fall down head-foremost, and continue convulsed till 
death. I have related such experiments as show the gradual ope- 
ration of the poison; in some instances (especially in young fowls) 
it acts with far greater rapidity; death has frequently occurred 
within the space of a minute after the puncture with a poisoned 
dart. 
It appears from the 22d experiment, that the simple unmixed 
decoction of the bark of the root of the tshettik is nearly as active 
as the poison prepared according to the process above related. 
The 24th experiment shows plainly, that the resinous portion of 
the bark is by no means so active as the particles soluble in water; 
a fowl wounded by a dart covered with the pure resin, recovered 
after being very partially affected; it has also been remarked above, 
that in the preparation of the dried juice of the antshar, the resi- 
nous parts are thrown away. ‘The strength of the poison remains 
unimpaired, if carefully preserved a number of years, as is evident 
from the experiments made at different periods of its age. 
Taken into the stomach of quadrupeds, the tshettik likewise acts 
as a most violent poison, but it requires about twice the period to 
produce the same effect which a wound produces. 
In the 26th experiment its operation internally is detailed, and 
the appearances after death are described in the account of the 
dissection. 
But the stomach of fowls can resist its operation; having mixed 
about double the quantity generally adhering to a dart with the food 
of a fowl, it consumed it without showing any marks of indis- 
position. — 
The poison of the antshar does by no means act so violently on 
quadrupeds as that of the tshettik. I have given it to a dog; it 
produced at first nearly the same symptoms as a puncture ; oppres- 
sion of the head, twitchings, faintness, laborious respiration, violent 
contraction of the pectoral and abdominal muscles, an increased 
flow of saliva, vomiting, great restlessness and agony, &c., which 
continued nearly two hours; but after the complete evacuation of 
the stomach by vomiting, the animal gradually recovered. 
Rumphius goes so far as to assert that a small quantity may be 
taken internally as a medicine. In speaking of the qualities of the 
arbor toxicaria, he says the crude and unmixed ipo is an antidote to 
the bite or sting of venomous fishes and insects: also, that a per- 
son affected by an eruption of the skin or vacuations, may take a 
small pill of the oopas, which will attract all impurities from the 
intestines and carry them off. 
The appearances observed on dissection explain in a great degree 
the relative operation of the poisons. In animals killed by the 
antshar, the large vessels in the thorax, the adrta, and vene cave, 
were in every instance found in an excessive degree of distention : 
