384 Queries respecting the Probability of (May; 
A,—The fuel commonly used for heating their huts is wood, 
which they likewise bring with them in their vessels, and land at 
the station hut. In autumn the necessary quantity for heating the 
aforesaid small huts is conveyed in boats, or on small hand sledges, 
to the destined places. They often meet with wood there too, 
thrown by the sea on the shores. 
12. Q.—On what kinds of provisions do the Russians subsist 
during the winter? 
A.—The provisions they subsist on during the winter consist in 
rye flour (of which they make bread), salt beef, salt cod, and 
salted holybut, butter, oat and barley meal, curdled milk, peas, 
honey, linseed oil ; all which they bring to Spitzbergen with them, 
and divide the same proportionally by weight to each man. Their 
employers allow them provisions for one year and a half, besides 
which the fishermen kill wild lion deer in winter, and birds in 
summer, which are experienced to be excellent food, and very 
healthy. 
13. O.—Do they chiefly use spirituous or malt liquors ? 
A.—They chiefly drink a liquor called muas, made from rye flour 
and water. Malt and spirituous liquors are entirely excluded and 
forbidden by their employers, to prevent drunkenness, as the Rus- 
sians, when they had it, drank so immoderately that work was often 
neglected entirely. 
14. Q.—When in the open air, how do they defend themselves? 
A.—They defend themselves from the rigour of the weather by 
a covering made of skin, above which they wear another made of 
the skin of rein deer, called kushy, and wear boots of the same. 
15. Q.—Do they not use masks, and omit the practice of 
shaving ? 
A,—They use no masks, nor do they shave; but they wear a 
large warm cap, called ¢ruechy, which covers the whole head and 
neck, and most part of the face. They also wear gloves of sheep- 
skin. 
16. Q.—Do the inhabitants cross the country during the winter? 
A.—tThere are no inhabitants, as said before; but the fishermen 
who are there for a time do go over from one island to the other of 
small distances ? 
17. Q.—How do they trave), at what rate, and how carry the 
necessary stock of provisions for their subsistence during the 
journey? 
A.—They travel on foot; that is, on snow skaits, and draw their 
food after them in small hand sledges; but those who bring dogs 
with them make use of the same. When travelling, snow is their 
drink. Horses or rein-deer would be of no use to them for the 
conveyance for their provisions ; nor have they any. 
18. Q.—By what means do they procure water; and is it by 
melting snow, or do they find springs ? 
A.—They use spring water when it is to be had, often take it 
from lakes, and from necessity sometimes dissolve snow ; but it 
