108 Internal Improvements of the State of Pennsylvania. 



and rarely another short staminate spike near the upper pistillate 

 spike ; staminate scale oblong, obtuse, tawny on the edge and white 

 on the keel ; stigmas three ; pistillate spikes three, long and cylin- 

 dric, loose-flowered, lowest long-pedunculate, sometimes quite sparse- 

 ly flowered ; fruit ovate-conic, subtriquetrous, dark brown, distinct- 

 ly and many-nerved, scabrous-pubescent, tapering to a two-toothed 

 apex ; pistillate scale ovate, short, obtuse, not half the length of the 



fruit. 



This beautiful species is found from S. Carolina to Florida. I saw 

 many specimens in the Herbarium collected by Dr. Baldwin, now in 

 the possession of Dr. Schweinitz. It has some resemblance to C. 

 jlexuosa, but differs from that species in its fruit and scale and other 

 particulars. It is not a variety of Cflexuosa growing at the south, as 

 the southern plant of this name agrees well with the plant found in 

 the Northern States. 



Art. XVII. — Internal Improvements of the State of Pennsylvania ; 



No. II. by Edward Miller, Civil Engineer. 



In the last number of the Journal of Science, I gave a cursory 

 view of the main line between the Delaware and Ohio ; and it is my 

 intention in the present to give a similar account of the Branch ca- 

 nals, so far as they are already finished, or far advanced towards com- 

 pletion. Some of these branches will probably be extended imme- 

 diately, and others at a future day ; but my object at present is only 

 to show what Pennsylvania has already accomplished. Her ener- 

 gies and power are daily developing themselves, and it is not proba- 

 blethat she will stop in a career, which binds her citizens together by 

 the strong links of mutual interest, and promises abundant increase to 

 the general prosperity of the commonwealth. 



The branches are six in number, and take their conventional names 

 from the streams on the banks of which they are generally construct- 

 ed. These are ; the Delaware, Susquehannah, West Branch, North 

 Branch, Beaver, and French Creek. 



No. 1. — The Delaware division commences at Bristol, on the 

 tide water of the River Delaware, nineteen miles above Philadelphia, 

 crosses Pennsbury manor, the projection formed by the bend of the 

 river at Bordentown, and reaching the western bank near Morris- 

 ville, follows it through New Hope and several less important towns, 



