SYNOPSIS OF THE ORDERS OF PLANTS CONTAINED IN VOLUME I. 



OF THE SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



Class I. DICOTYLEDONOUS or EXOGENOUS PLANTS. 



Stems increasing in diameter by the annual addition of a layer of wood inside the bark. Leaves netted-veined- Embryo 

 with a pair of opposite cotyledons, 



Sub-Class L Angiospermse. Pistil, a closed ovary containing the ovules and developing into the fruit 



DlvmoN L Polypetalae. Flowers with calyx and corolla, the latter divided into separate petals, 



A. THALAMIFLOR^. Stamens and petals free from the calyx and from the superior ovary, and inserted on a 

 usually narrow receptacle. 



* Carpels distinct. 



1. Magnoliace^. Sepals and petals in three or four rows of threes, imbricated In iestivatlon. Stamens 

 numerous. Fruit conedike, formed of the numerous cohering carpels. Leaves alternate, stipulate. 



2. Anonace^. Sepals 3, valvate In aestivation. Petals i5, in two rows, valvate or sometimes imbricated In 

 estivation. Stamens numerous. Fruit pulpy. Leaves rilternate, exstipulate. 



* * Carpels united into a compound ovary with parietal placenta. 



3. CapparidaceEe, Sepals and petals 4. Fruit baccate or capsular, indehiscent or dehiscent. Seeds destitute 

 of albumen. Embryo coiled. Leaves alternate ; stipules often spinescent, sometimes wanting. 



4. Canellaoeee. Sepals 3, Petals 5. Stamens monadelphous, the anthers udnate into a column. Fruit fleshy. 

 Seed albuminous. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. 



* * ^ Carpels united into a compound ovary with axile placenta. 



5. TernstrcBmiaceee, Calyx imbricated in aestivation. Stamens Indefinite, more or less united together and 

 with the base of the petals. Fruit, a 3 to 5-celled pod. Embryo straight or slightly curved. Leaves alternate, 

 stipulate, 



6. Cheiranthodendre^, Calyx subcampanulate, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes imbricated in estivation. Petals 0. 

 Stamens united into a column. Capsule loculicidally dehiscent. Embryo straight, in fleshy albumen. Leaves 

 alternate, stipulate. 



7- Tiliaoe^. Calyx valvate in aestivation. Stamens numerous, usually more or less united together. Leaves 

 alternate, the stipules usually small and deciduous, sometimes wanting- 



B, DISCIFLOE-^, Sepals generally distinct. Stamens as many as the petals, or twice as many, or fewer, usually 

 inserted on a hypogynous or perigynous disk. Ovary superior, many-celled. 



* Ovules pendulous, raphe ventral- 



8. Zygophyllaceaa. Sepals 5, or rarely 4, usually free, destitute of glands. Filaments often provided with a 

 basal bract- Disk usually fleshy. Ovary angled or lobed. Branches jointed. Leaves usually opposite, 2-foliolate 

 or pinnate ; stipules persistent. 



9. Eutaoe^, Flowers usually diceeious or polygamous. Ovary 2 to 5-lobed, or the carpels almost distinct, on 

 a glandular disk, often produced into a gynopliore. Leaves compound, glandular-punctate, exstipulate. 



10. Simarubeee. Flowers regular, polygamous, or rarely perfect- Calyx 3 to 5-lobed or divided. Petals 3 to 5 

 or wanting, imbricated or valvate. Disk annular, lobed or entire. Ovary 2 to 5-lobed, or rarely entire ; ovules usually 

 solitary. Seeds albuminous- Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, pinnate or rarely 1 to 3-foliolate, exstipulate, 



11- BurseraceEe, Flowers perfect or poly gam o-diceclous. Calyx 3 to 5-lobed, imbricated or valvate. Disk annu- 

 lar or cup-shaped, free or adnate to the calyx- Ovary entire, 2 to 5-celled. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves opposite or 

 alternate, 3-foliolate, unequally pinnate, or rarely 1-foliolate, exstipulate. 



12, Meliaceaa. Flowers usually perfect. Calyx imbricated or rarely valvate in aestivation. Petals contorted 

 or valvate in jestlvation. Anthers united into a sessile or stipitate tube. Ovary entire. 3 to 5-celled. Seeds usually 

 destitute of albumen. Leaves alternate, usually pinnate, exstipulate. 



* * Ovules pendulous, raphe dorsal, 



13, Ilioinege, Flowers diceciously polygamous, axillary, 4 to 8-parted, Disk minute. Ovules 1 to 2 in each cell. 

 Embryo minute, in copious albumen. Leaves alternate; stipules minute. 



