MAG NOLI ACEiE. 



SILVA OF NOB Til AMERICA. 



5 



MAGNOLIA GLAUCA. 



Sweet Bay. Swamp Bay. 



Leaves subpersistent, pale on the lower surface. Fruit glabrous. Young shoots 



and winter-bucls pubescent. 



M. glauca, LinniEus, Spec. ed. 2, 755. — Miller, Diet. ed. 

 8. — Marshall, Arhust. Am. 83. — Wangenlieim, Nordam. 

 Holz. 60, t. 19, f . 46. — Walter, Fl. Car. 158. — Icon. 



Sett. Am. Gewach. t. 40. — Lamarck, Diet. iii. 674 



Moench, Meth. 274. — Will den ow, Spec. ii. 1256.— 

 Schkuhr, Handh. ii. 1441, t. 148. — Mit^haux, Fl. Bor.- 

 Am. i. 327. — Nouveaii Duhamel, ii. 223, t. 66. — Des- 

 fontaines, Rist. Arb. ii. 5. — Bonpland, Fl. Malm. 103, t. 

 42. — Michaux f. Hist. Arh. Am. iii. 77, t. 2. — Pursh, 

 FL Am. Sept. ii. 381. — Blgelow, Med. Bot. ii. 67, t. 27 ; 

 Fl. Boston, ed. 3, 244. — Barton, Med. Bot. i. 77, t. 7.— 

 Nuttall, Gen. ii. 18. — Loddiges, Bot. Cab. t. 215. — De 

 Candolle, Syst. i. 452 ; Prodr. i. 80. — Hayne, Dendr. 

 Fl. 116. — Elliott, ,S'/^. ii. 37. — Torrey, Fl. N. Y. i. 27, 

 t. 5. — Audubon, Birds, 1. 118. — Don, Gen. Syst. i. 82. — 

 Rcichenbadi, Fl. Exot. v. 37, t. 342. — Torrey & Gray, 

 Fl. N. Am. i. 42. — Dietrich, Syn. iii. 308. — Spaeh, Hist. 

 Vet/, vii. 473. — Loudon, Arb. Brit. i. 267, t. — Emerson, 



. Trees Mass. ed. 2, ii. 603, t. — Gray, Gen. III. i. 61, t. 



23. — Schnizlein, Icon. 1. 176. — Darliuirton. Fl. Cestr. ed. 



3, 8. — Chapman, Fl. 13. — Curtis, Geolog. Snrv. iV. Car. 



1860, iii. 66.— Koch, Dendr. i. 369. — Sargent, Forest 



Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 19. — Lloyd, Drugs 



and Med. N. Am. ii. 25, t. 28, f. 115. — Watson & Coid- 



ter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 49. 

 M. Virginiana, a. glauca, Linnreus, Spec. 535. 

 M. fragrans, Salisbury, Prodr. 379. — Rafinesque, Fl. Ludo- 



vic. 91 ; 3fed. Bot. ii. 32. 

 M. longifolia, Sweet, Jlorf. Brit. 11. — Don, Gen. Syst. i. 



83. — Dietrich, Syn. iii. 308. 

 M. glauca, var. latifolia, Aiton, Hort. Kew. ii. 251. — 



Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 381. 

 M. glauca, var. longifolia, Aiton, Hort. Keu\ ii. 251. — 



Pin-sh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. SSI. — Rafinesque. 7'7. X)(f?oWc. 



91. —Hayne, De7idr. Fl. 116. 

 M. glauca, var. pumila, Ntittall, A^n. Jour. Sci. ser. 1, v. 295. 



A slender tree, fi% to seventy feet in height, with a trunk two to three, or, under exceptionally 

 favorable conditions, three and a half feet in diameter ; often much smaller, and at the north reduced to 

 a low shrub. The bark of the trunk on fully grown individuals is three eighths to half au inch thick, 

 light brown in color, and covered with small thin appressed scales ; that on small trunks and large 

 branches is smooth and hght gray. The bark of the slender hranchlets, during the fust year, is bright 

 green, gradually turning during the second summer to reddish brown. The leaves are ohlong or oval, 

 obtuse or sometimes oblong-lanceolate, four to six inches long and one and a half to two and a half inches 

 broad, mth a conspicuous midrib and primary veins ; they are borne on slender petioles a half to three 

 quarters of an inch long. The leaves are covered, when they first unfold, with long white silky hairs 

 which soon disappear, and at maturity they are bright green and lustrous on the upper surface, which is 

 then quite glabrous and minutely pubescent, pale or nearly white on the lower. They fall, in the north- 

 ern states, late in November or in early winter, and at the south remain on the branches with little 

 change of color until the appearance of the new leaves in spring. The creamy white fragrant globular 

 flowers, two or three inches across when expanded, continue to open durmg several weeks in spring and 

 early simmer. The sepals are membranaceous, obovate, obtuse, concave, and shorter than the nine to 

 twelve obovate, often unguiculate, concave petals. The dark red fruit is oval, glabrous, two inches 

 long and one and a half inches broad. The seed is a quarter to half an inch long. 



Magnolia glauca is found at its most northern limit in swamps in the town of Gloucester in Essex 

 County, Massachusetts. It reappears in a swamp at the north end of Turtle Pond in Suffolk County, 

 Long Island,^ and extends from New Jersey southward, generally near the coast, to the shores of Bay 

 Bisclyne and of Tampa Bay, Florida. It is not found in the Alleghany-mountain region, hut abounds 

 in the Gulf states, extending west to southwestern Arkansas and the valley of the Trinity River, Texas. 



1 G. M. Wilbur, Bull Ton, Bot. Clul, xii. 87. 



