6 SILVA OF NORTH A3/EBICA. MAG^-OLIACE.■E. 



Magnolia glauca inhabits at the north, deep ^et swamps/ where it is associated with tlie Red Maple, 

 the White Cedar, the High-bush Bhieberry, the Andromedas, tlie Red-berried Priuos, and the Poisonous 

 Sumach ; in the south Atlantic and Gulf states it is found along the borders of pine-barren ponds and 

 shallow swamps, where it forms,mth the Loblolly Bay and the Red Bay, low, almost impenetrable thick- 

 ets, reaching its greatest development in the interior of the Florida peninsula on the rich hummocks or 



islands which rise above the level of the pine-lands. 



The wood of MarjnoJki glauca is soft and light. The color of the heartwood, which is found only 

 in old specimens, is light brown tinged with red; the thick sapwood, consisting of ninety to a hundred 

 layers of annual growth, is creamy white, turning darker with exposure. This has, when perfectly dry, 

 a specific gravity of 0.5035, a cubic foot o£ the cb-y wood weiglnug 31.3S pounds. The wood of this 

 tree is now occasionally used in the southern states in the manufacture of broom-handles and other 



articles of wooden ware. 



The earhest mention of Magnolia gkmca is of "the tree that beareth the rine of blacke Sinamon, 

 of which Master "Winter brought from the streiglits of Magellan," which Philip Amadas and Arthur 

 Barlowe found in 15S4 on an island in Pimlico Soiind.^ It was first cultivated in Europe by Bishop 

 Compton,^ in his garden at Fulham, near London, who received it from John Banister"' in 16SS j and 

 the earliest description is that of Plukenet.^ 



The value of Magnolia glauca as an ornamental plant was at once recognized; and it has always 

 been a favorite in gardens where, at different times, several varieties have been distinguished. Magno- 

 lia glauca longifolia, with lanceolate leaves and a blooming period which sometimes extends through 

 two or three months, is the only one of these that has sur^-ived." Magnolia Thorir£)RO)uari(ij a probable 

 hybrid between Magnolia glauca and Magnolia tripetala, raised early in this centiuy by a Mr. Thoni])- 

 son of Mile End in England, has been preserved in gardens, where it is esteemed for its handsome 

 foliage and large and deliciously fragrant flowers.^ 



Magnolia glauca thrives in rich and rather moist soil, and is found to grow more rapidly and 

 vigorously when grafted on Magnolia aci-iminata than it does on its own roots. 



1 Magnolia glauca, as the fleshy roots were eaten by heavers, 39, t. 39. — Duhame], Tralte des Arhres, ii. 3.— Trcw, PI. Ehrei. 

 ivas known to the early settlers in Pennsyh-ania as Beaver-tree ; 2, t. 9, — Dillenuis, Hort. EUh. 207, t. IGS, f. 205. 



and beavers, according to Kalni, were caught in traps baited with Magnolia foliis ovato-lanceolatis, Linnieus, Tlort. Cliff. 222. 



pieces of the root. (Travels into North America, English ed. i. 20i.) Clayton, Fl. Virgin. CI. 



2 First voyage to the coast of Virginia. (Ilakluyt, Vot/ages, ed. e This variety does not apprar to he kno^^-n in a wild state, and 

 Evans, iii. 302.) ^ itg origin is uncertain. It is, perhaps, the Magnolia longifolia of 



3 Henry Compton (1G32-38), bishop of London, first cultivated ' Sweet and of Don {l c), but as the cultivated plant thrives in 

 in England many North American plants. . New England it can hardly be, as they supposed, a native of Cai-o- 



' John Banister, a missionary to Virginia, wliere he died about lina and Georgia ; its garden origin seems more probable. 

 1692 ; author of the first catalogue of North American plants (pub- ' Bot. Mag. t. 21G4.- Loudon, Arb. Brit. i. 2G7. — Jaunie St. 



lished in Eay, Hist. PI. il. 1928). His herbarium is preserved in Hilaire, Flore et Pomone, v. t. 451.- Reiehenbach, Fl. Exot. v. t. 



the British Museum. 34... _ Sertum Bolani^um, v. t. - Garden and Forest, i. 2GS, f. 43. 



s Tulipifera Virgimana, Laurinis foliis, aversa parte rore ca^ruleo ^ A second supposed hybrid between these species, described by 



ttnctis, Coni-haccifera, Hnkeuet, Aim. Bot. 379, t. 68, f. 4. London (I. c.) as Magnolia glauca longifolia, has now probably dis- 



Magnolm laun folio suhtus albicante, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Car. i. appeared. 



EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE. 



Plate III. Magxolia glauca. 



1. A flowering branch, natural size. 6. A seed, the floshy part of the testa removed, showing the 



2. A frmt, natural size. g,,,^,^ ,t,^^, ^^^^j^^_ ^_^^^^^^^^_ 



3. -^ertical section of a carpel, enlarged. 7. Cross section of a seed, enlarged. 

 . s amen, en arge . g_ ^^ embryo, much enlarged. 



5. \ ertical section of a seed, enlarged. 0. a winter-bud, natural size. 



