^G SILVA OF NORTH AMEMICA. 



MAGNOLIACKyE. 



valleys, growing witli Black Oaks and White Oaks, Hickories, the Black Birch, the Buckeye, the Sorrel- 

 tree, the Cucumber-tree, and the Yellow Poplar. 



The wood of Magnolia Fraserl is light, soft, close-grained, but not strong. The thick creamy 

 white sapwood, consisting of thirty to forty layers of annual growth, has, when perfectly dry, a specific 

 gravity of 0.5003, a cubic foot of the dry wood weighing 31.18 pounds. The heartwood, which appears 

 in large specimens only, is hght brown. 



Magnolia Fraseri was discovered by ^yimam Bartram^ in May, 177G, on the headwaters of the 

 Keowee in South Carolina. It was introduced by Bartram into England ten years later, and was sent 

 by the elder Michaux^ to France in 1789. The oldest specific name bestowed upon this tree commemo- 

 rates the services of John Eraser, who shares with Bartram the honor of having Introduced it into 

 gardens. 



Magnolia Fraseri is rarely found in cultivation. It Is not generally a robust or vigorous plant 

 when removed from the humid climate and rich soil in which It naturally grows, and it Is less easily 

 propagated than the other American MagnoHas. In New England it is only precariously hardy. 



' William Bartram (1739-1823), a son of John Bartram, and the els through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and We.t Flor 

 first hotauist to explore the high Alleghany Monntains. in which he ida, the Cherokee country, etc., puhhshed i,i Philadelphia in 1791 

 made many interesting discoveries. He is remembered by his Trav- = Michaux, Jour, in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. xxvi. 4G. 



EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 



Plate XI. Magxolia Fraseri. 

 A flowering branch, natural size. 



Plate XII. IUgjtolia Fraseri. 



1. A fruit, natural size. 



r 



2. A flower, the calyx and corolla removed, natural size- 



3. Vertical section of the same^ enlarged. 



4. A stamen, posterior view, enlarged. 



5. A stamen, anterior view, enlarged. 



6. Vertical section of a carpel, enlarged- 



7. Vertical section of a seed, enlarged, 



8. Cross section of a seed, enlarged. 



0. A seed the fleshy p.. of the testa removed, showing the grooved stony portion, enlarged. 



11. All embryo, much enlarged. 



12. A winter-bud, natural size. 



