-riLlACE JE. 



SILVA OF NOIITB AMERICA, 57 



TILIA HETEROPHYLLA. 



Linden. Bee Tree. 



Leaves pale on tlie lower surface. Pedunculate bract tapering to a sliort-stalkecl 

 or sessile base. Fruit globose. 



Tilia lieterophylla, Ventenat, Mem. Acad. Sci. iv. 16, t. n. ser. ssii. 305. — Watson & Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. 



5. JSfouvemt Duhaniel, i. 229. — Poiret, Lam. Diet. vii. 6, 101. 



083. Pursli, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 363. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. T. alba, Michaux f. Hist. Arh. Am. iii. 315, t. 2 (not 



3; Sylva, i. 90, t. 23. — Dr Candolle, Prorfr. i. 513.— Aiton). — Eaton & Wright, Bot. 452. —Darby, Bot S. 



Dietrich, Sijn. iii. 237. — Don, Gen. Syst. i. 553. — Spach, States, 262. 



Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, ii. 345 ; Hist. Veg. iv. 34. — Torrey T. Americana, var. heterophylla, Loudon, Arb. Brit. i. 



& Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. 239. — Chapman, FL 60. — Car- 375, t. 



tis, Eep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 79. — Bayer, T. heterophylla, var. alba, Wood, CI. Book, 272 ; Bot. & 



Verhandl. Bot. Vereln, Wien, xii. 51. — Ridgway, Proc. PZ. 64. 



U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 61.— Sargent, Forest Trees N. T. heterophy liar nigra, Bayer, Verhandl. Bot. Vereiii, 



Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 27. — Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. Wien, xii. 52. 



A tree, fifty to sixty feet in height, with a trunk three or four feet in diameter, and slender 

 branches which form generally a narrow rather pyramidal head. The bark of the trunk is half an inch 

 thick, furrowed, the surface broken into short thin light brown scales. The bark of the branchlets is 

 glabrous, green, or, when they have grown fully exposed to the sun, bright red, gradually turning brown 

 during their second year, and plainly marked with many large oblong wart-like excrescences. The stout 

 broadly ovate flattened winter-buds are bright red, covered with a slight glaucous bloom. The leaves 

 are obliquely truncate or cordate at the base, the apex usually contracted into a short point, serrate "with 

 rather remote short glandular teeth. They are membranaceous, six or seven inches long, four or five 

 inches broad, and are borne on long slender petioles j they are bright green and glabrous on the upper, 

 pale or often silvery white on the lower surface, which is covered with short fine pubescence. The 

 pedunculate bract is four or five inches long, obovate, generally less than an inch broad, rounded at 

 the apex, and gradually narrowed into a sessile or short-stalked base. The flowers appear early in June, 

 or, on the moxmtains of Tennessee and Carolina, late in June or early in July. They are larger than 

 those of the other American species, with narrow calyx-lobes, pubescent on the inner, and pnberulent on 

 the outer surface, and narrow petals rather shorter than the long style. The ovary is covered with 

 dense white tomentum, and the fruit is pubescent with short closely appressed cinereous hairs. 



The northern limit of Tilia heterophylla is in the mountains of Pennsylvania; it extends south- 

 ward through the Alleghany-mountain region to northern Alabama and to western and central Florida,' 

 and westward to middle Tennessee and Kentucky and southern Indiana and Illinois. It is common on 

 the slopes of the Iiigh mountains of the southern states, reaching its best development on those of east- 

 ern Tennessee. 



Tilia heterophylla is found on rich wooded slopes in rather humid soil, or near the banks of 

 streams, often growing in Hmestone soil. The trees with which it is often associated are the Tulip 

 Poplar, the Yellow Buckeye, the White Ash, the Sorrel-tree, the White Birch, the Mountain Magnoha, 

 the Hemlock, the Great Rhododendron, and the Chestnut and Red Oaks. 



The wood of Tilia heterophylla resembles that of the other American Lindens. The sapwood is 

 much thinner, however, being reduced sometimes to five or six layers of annual growth with a thickness 

 of only half an inch. The specific gra^dty of the absolutely dry wood is 0.4253, a cubic foot of the 



1 Lake Charm, Orange County, Theodore L. Meade. 



