KUTACE^. 



SILVA OF NOUTU AMERICA. 



^r^ 



07 



XANTHOXYLUM GLAVA-HERCULIS. 



Prickly Ash. Toothache Tree. 



Flowers in terminal clusters ; sepals and petals 5, Leaves deciduous. 



Planclion & Tri- 



- Sargent, Forest 



- Watson & Coul- 



Santlioxyluni ClavarHerculis, Linnseus, Spec. 270 (escl. 



loc. nat. Jam.). — Bartram, Trav.B'^. — Willdenow, Spec. 



iv. 754, In part. — Elliott, Sk. li. 690. - 



ana, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 5, xiv. 317. 



Trees N. Am. lOfh Census U. S. is. 30. 



ter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 107. 

 X fraxinifolium, Walter, Fl. Car. 243 (not Marshall). 

 Fagara fraxinifolia, Lamarck, El. t. 334. 

 X. Carolinianum, Lamaret, Diet. ii. 39 ; III. 403, t. 811, 



f . 1. _ Giertner, Fruct. i. 333, t. 68, f . 8. — Torrey & 



Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. 214. — Gray, Gen. III. ii. 148, 1. 156, 



f. 13, 14. — Scheele, Eoemer Texas, 432. — Nuttall, Sylva, 



iii. 8, t. 83. — Chapman, Fl. 06. — Curtis, Bep. Geolog. 



Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 103. 



X. aromaticum, Willdenow, Si)ec. iv. 755 (excl. syn.). — 



Jaequin f. Eclog. i. 103, t. 70. 

 X. tricarpum,, Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 235. — Poiret, 



Lam. Diet. Suppl. ii. 294. — Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v. 



383. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i. 210. — De Caiidolle, Frodr. 



i. 726. — Elliott, Sk. ii. 690. — A. de Jussieu, M^m. Mus. 



xii. t. 25, f. 38. — Sprengel, Syst. i. 945. — Don, Ge7i. 



Syst. i. 803. — Spach, Hist. Vet/, ii. 365. — Loudon, Arb. 



Brit. i. 488. — Dietrich, Syn. ii. 1000. 

 Kampmania fraxinifolia, Rafinesque, Med. Bep. v. 352. 

 Pseudopetalon glandulosum, Rafinesque, Fl. Ludoulc. 



108 ; Med. Dot. ii. 114. 

 Pseudopetalon tricarpum, Rafinesque, Med. Bot. li. 114. 

 X. Catesbianum, Rafinesque, Med. Bot. ii. 114. 



A round-headed tree, tweuty-five or thirty, or exceptionally fifty feet in height, with a short trunk 

 twelve to eighteen inches in diameter, and niunerous branches spreading nearly at right angles ; or often 

 a low shrub. The hark of the trunk of fully grown trees is barely a sixteenth of an inch tliick, Hght 

 gray, and studded with corky tubercles with ovoid dilated bases sometimes an inch or more across, and 

 thick and rounded at the apex. The bark of the branches is covered, when they first appear, with 

 brown pubescence, and is glabrous and light gray the second season. It is marked with small glandular 

 spots and armed with stout straight, or sometimes slightly curved, sharp chestnut-brown prickles, half 

 an inch or more long, with perpendicularly flattened, enlarged bases. The winter-buds are short, obtuse, 

 and dark brown or nearly black. The leaves, which remain upon the branches until late m the wmter, 

 or until the tree begins to grow in early spring, are five to eight inches long, and are composed of t n-ee 

 to eight pair of leaflets borne on stout pubescent or glabrous armed leaf-stalks termmated by smgle leat- 

 lets. The leaflets are ovate or ovate-lanceolate, sometimes slightly falcate, usually obhuue at the iKtse 

 crenately serrate, sessile or short-stalked. They are an inch to two and a half inches long, green and 

 lustrous on the upper surface, paler and often somewhat pubescent below, especially when they first 

 unfold. The sterile and fertile flowers are borne on different trees. The inflorescence, whicli is an 

 ample wide-branehed cyme four or five inches long and two or three inches broad, that ot he tcrtile 

 tree being somewhat contracted, appears when the leaves of the year are about half grown ihe flowers 

 are borne on slender pedicels a third to a quarter of an inch long, .vith a minute lanceolate deciduo.^ 

 braet at their base. The sepals are minute, membranaceous, persistent, barely a quarter of the leng 1 

 of the oval greenish white petals which vary from an eighth to a quarter of an mch in length X .live 

 stamens with slender filiform filaments are conspicuously exserted ^^^f^^^l^^^^ 

 mentary or wanting in the female flowers. There are two, or most frequently three, p.td wit^^^^^^^^^^ 

 "^ ^ , 1 1 1 X* ^^ T 1^ fniit IS borne in dense orten 



ovaries, and short .tyles crowned by a slightly two4ohed f^^;^^! are obliqnely ovoid, 

 nearly globose clusters and ripens in August and September. The npe ca pels J 



one-seeded, chestnut-brown, a quart- "^ - '-1^ 1™°^' ^"> ^ ™""'^ " ^" 



blact and lustrous, and hang at maturity outside the cari^ls. southward 



Xanthoxylum OUva-Herc^dis grows from the southern part of the btate 



