ILICINE^. 



SILVA OF NORTE AMElilCA. 



109 



ILEX CASSINE. 



Dahoon. 



Pakts of the flower in 4's; calyx-lobes acuminate. Leaves entire or sharply ser 

 rate towards the apex. 



Ilex Cassine, LiniiKus, Spec. 125 (excl. y3.)- — Marshall, 

 Arhust. Am. 64. — Lamarck, Diet. iii. 147 ; III. i. 355. — 

 Willdenow, Spec. i. 709 ; _£'7iMm. 172 ; HoH. Berol. i. t. 

 ^l.—N'ouveau Duhamel, i. 9. — Persoon, Syn. 151.— 

 Desfontalnes, ITi^^. ^rZ.. ii. 362. _ Poiret, Lam. Diet. 

 Siippl. iii. 65. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i. 117. — Roemer 

 & Sclmltes, Syst. iii. 490. — Hayne, Deridr. Fl. 10. — De 

 Caiidolle, Prodr. ii. 14. — Sprengel, Syst. i. 495. — Don, 

 Gen. Syst. ii. 17. — Spach, Hist. Veg. ii. 428. — Dietrich, 

 Syyi. i. 554. — Loudon, Arh. Brit. ii. 517, f. 184. — C. 

 Koch, Dendr. ii. 223 (escl. syn.). — Goeppert, Del. Sem. 

 Vratisl. 1852 (Linn(Ea, xxvi. 746). — Sargent, Garden 

 and Forest, ii. 616. 



lies Dahoon, Walter, FL Can 241. — Michaux, Fl. Dor.. 

 Am. ii. 228.— Pursh, Fl Am. Sept. i. 117.- Nuttall, 

 Gen. i. 109. —Roemer & Schultes, Syst. iii. 489 ; Mant. iii. 

 332. — De Candolle, Prodr. ii. 14. — EUiott, Sk. ii. 680. — 



Watson, Dendr, Brit. ii. 114, t. 114. - Sprengel, Syst. i. 

 495. — Audubon, Birds, t. 48. — Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 19. — 

 Spach, Hist. Veg. ii. 428. — Dietrich, Syn. i. &U. — Lou- 

 don, Arb. Brit. ii. 519. — Griffith, Med. Bot. 433. — 

 Chapman, Fl. 269. — Curtis, Rej?. Geolog. Saw. ]SL Car. 

 1860, iii. 58. — Maximowicz, Mem. Acad. St. Pitersboiirg, 

 ser. 7, xxix. 29. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th 

 Census U. S. ix. 35. — Trelease, Tram. St. Louis Acad. 

 V. 345. — Watson & Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 108. 

 I. Cassine, var. latifolia, Alton, Hort. Jiew. i. 170. 



L cassinoides, Link, Enum. i. 148. — Roemer & Schultes, 

 Mant. iii. 332. 



L laurifolia, IS"uttall, Am. Jour. Sd. v. 289. —Eaton, Man. 



ed. 6, 186. — Eaton & Wright, Bot. 282. 

 Ageria palustris, Rafincsque, Sylua Tellitr. 47. 

 Ageria obovata, Rafinesque, SyUa Tellur. 48. 

 Ageria heterophylla, Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 48. 



A small tree, twenty-five to thirty feet in height, with a trunk twelve to eighteen inches in diameter ; 

 or, in some forms, a low tree-like shrub. The bark of the trunk is hardly more than one sixteenth of an 

 inch thick, with a dark gray surface thickly covered and roughened with lenticels. The young branches 

 are coated with dense silky pubescence which does not disajipear until the end of the second or third 

 year, when they are dark brown and marked with occasional lenticular spots. The winter-buds are 

 acute with lanceolate scales thickly covered with pale silky pubescence. The leaves are oblanceolate or 

 obovate-oblong, acuminate at the base, acute, mucronate or rarely rounded at the apex, with revolute 

 margms entire or sometimes serrate above the middle with sharp mucronate teeth ; they are puberulous 

 above and densely covered with pubescence below when they first unfold, glabrous at maturity with the 

 exception of occasional hairs on the lower surface of the broad midrib, which is conspicuously orooved 

 on the upper surface, and on the short thick petiole which is thickened at the base. They are dark 

 green and lustrous on the upper surface, and pale on the lower. The minute caducous stipules are 

 filiform. The infloresence is sometimes nearly an inch long, generally much shorter, pedunculate, and 

 produced from the young shoots or occasionally from the branches of the previous year. It is three to 

 nine-flowered on the sterile plant, and usually three-flowered on the fertile. The pedicels are covered 

 witli hairs, and furnished at their base with acute scarious bracts. The calyx-lobes are acute, with cihate 

 margins. The fruit, which ripens late in the autumn and remains on the branches until the followino- 

 spring, is globose, sometimes a quarter of an inch in diameter, briglit or occasionally dull red or nearly 

 yellow, with stout densely pubescent pedicels, solitary or often in clusters of threes. The nutlets are 

 prominently few-ribbed on the back and sides. 



Ilex Cassine grows from southern Virginia southward in the immediate neighborhood of the coast 

 to the shores of Bay Biscayne and Tampa Bay, Florida, and westward along the Gulf coast to western 

 Louisiana. It is found in cold swamps, or more often along their borders in rich humid soil and occa- 

 sionally near the Gulf coast on the high sandy banks of pine-barren streams. The Dahoon is nowhere 



