110 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



ILICISE^. 



common on the Atlantic seaboard. It occurs more frequently in Florida and in southern Alabama 

 gradually disappearing towards the western limits of its range. 



The wood of Ilex Cassine is light, soft, and close-grained, but not strong ; it contains many thin 

 medullary rays, and is pale brown with thick nearly white sapwood. The specific gravity of the abso- 

 lutely dry wood is 0.4806, a cubic foot weighing 29.95 pounds. 



The Dahoon Holly U-as first described in the Natural History of Carolina^ hy Mark Catesbv 

 who sent seeds to Europe which produced plants in the Physic Garden at Chelsea.^ 



Ilex Cassine varies remarkably in the size and shape of its leaves, passing through forms with 

 elongated narrow leaves* into the variety myrtlfolia.' This is a low shrub, or occasionally a slender 

 wide-branching tree mth pale nearly white bark, puberulous branehlets, and crowded, generally entire 

 mucronate leaves which are half an inch to nearly an inch in length and an eighth of^'an inch broad 

 with reflexed margins, very short petioles, and broad prominent midribs. The fruit is short-stalked and 

 much smaller than that of Ilex Cassine. This plant, which is found in the neighborhood of the coast 

 from North Carolina to Louisiana, always inhabits cypress-swamps and pine-barren ponds or their 

 margms, and is much more common than the Dahoon, from which many careful observers are inclined 

 perhaps with reason, to consider it specifically distinct. The wood is heavier and Hghter colored than 

 that of the Dahoon, ivith a specific gra.%, when absolutely dry, of 0.5873, a cubic foot wei-hino- 36 60 

 pounds. o o 



w 



1 The confusion in the names of the two arborescent HoUies 

 of the southern states commenced in the Hortus CUffortianus, in 

 which Linnsus united them under his Ilex foliis ovato-lanceolatis, 

 etc. It was increased in the Species Plantarum, in which the Da- 

 hoon of the American Indians was made the type of the Ilex Cas- 

 sine, and the aborig:inal Cassina a variety of it ; so that the oldest 

 Linmean specific name of the Dahoon Holly is the well established 

 and familiar yernacular name of a different tree of the same region. 



2 Agrifolium Cariolinmse foliis deniatis haccis rubris, i. 31, t. 31. 



Ilex foliis ovato-lanceolatis serratis, LInnreus, Hart. Clijf. 40 (exel. 

 syn. Plukcnet). — Eoyen, Fl. Leyd. Prodr. 400. 



Ilex mariiima ramosa foliis oUongis non sinmtis, glandibus esculen- 

 Us, Clayton, Fl. Virgin. 18. 

 8 Miller, Diet. ' ' 



* Ilex Cassine, var. angustifolia,mm^no^v,SpecA. 709. -Alton 

 Hort. Kew. i. lIQ.^Nouveau Duhamel, I. 9, t. 3. -Sargent. Garden 

 and Forest, ii. 61G. 



I. angustifolia, Willdenow, Enum. 172.-Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept 

 1. 118. _ Nuttall, Gen. i. 109. - Koemer & Schultes, Syst. iii. 489 - 

 De Candolle, Prodr. ii. 14. -Watson, Dendr. Brit. i. 4 t 4 - 

 Sprengel, Syst. i. 495. - Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 17. - Spach, Hist. Veg. U 

 428. - Dietrich, Syn. i 534. _ Loudon, Arb. Brit. ii. 517, f. 185. 



/. ligustrina, Elliott, Sk. n. 708 (not Jacquin). — Spach, Hist. Veg. 

 ii. 429. — Darby, Bot. S. States, 123. 



?7. Watsonia, Spach, Hist. Veg. ii. 429. 



/. Dahoon, var. angustifolia, Watson, Index, 158. — Sargent, For- 

 est Trees N. Am. mh Census U. S. ix. 35. -Trelease, Trans. St. 

 Louis Acad. v. 345. 



■ This is the common form in southern Alabama, where it is abun- 

 dant. 



.6 Ilex Cassine, var. myrtifoUa, Sargent, Garden and Forest, ii, 616. 



/. myrlifolia, Walter, Fl. Car. 241. ~ Nouveau Duhamel, i. 10, t. 

 4,- Michaux, Fl. Bor.~Am. ii. 229. -Poiret, Lam. Diet. Snppl. iii. 

 65. — Willdenow, Enum. Suppl. 8. — Roetoier & Schultes, Syst. iii. 

 489. - Link, Enum. 148. - Spach, Hisl. Veg. ii. 429. - Gray, Man. 



ed. 5,306. — Maximowicz, Mun. Acad. St. Petersbourg, xxix. ser. 

 7, 26. 



/. TosmarifoUa, Lamarck, III. i. 356. - Persoon, Syn. i. 151. - 

 .Poiret, Lam. Diet. Suppl. iii. Qo. - 



I. ligustrifolia, Don, Gen. Syst. n. 19. 



/. Dahoon, var. myrtifoUa, Chapman, Fl. 269. — Sargent, Forest 

 Trees 'N. Am. \m Census U. S. ix. 3G. - Trelease, Trans. St. Louis 

 Acad. V. 346.- Watson & Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 108. 



EXPLANATION OF TtlE PLATES. 



Plate XLVI. Ilex Cassixe. ; ' 



1. A flowering branch of the staminate plant, natural size. 



2. A flowering branch of the pistillate plant, natural size. 

 6. A staminate flower, enlarged. 



4. A staminate flower, the corolla removed and laid open, en- 

 ' larged. ^ 



5. A pistillate flower, enlarged. 



6. Vertical section of a pistillate flower, enlarged. 



7. A fruiting branch, natural size. 



8. A fruiting braneh (var. angustifolia), natural size. 

 y. Cross section of a fruit, enlarged. 



10. Vertical section of a fruit, enlarged. - 



11. A nutlet, enlarged. 



r 



4 



_ 'J 



Plate XL VII. Ilex Cassixe, var. mybtifolia, 



1. A branch of a sterile plant, natural size. 



2. A branch of a fertile plant, natural size. 



3. A sterile flower, enlarged. 



4. A fertile flower, enlarged. 



5. A fruiting branch, natural size. 



. 6. Cross section of a fruit, enlarged. 



