ILICINE^. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



Ill 



ILEX VOMITORIA. 



Cassena. Taupon, 



Parts of the flower in 4's ; calyx4obes obtuse* Leaves crenulate-serrate. 



Ilex vomitoriaj Aitonj Hort Ketv. i. 170. — Salisbury, 

 Prodr. 70. — "WiUdenow, Spec. I 709; Enum. SuppL 

 8. — Noiiveau DuhaTnel^ i. 10. — Persoon, Syn. I, 151- — 

 DesfontaineSj Hist^ Arb. ii. 362, — Titford, Sort Bot, 

 '■ Am, 41. — Pursh, FL Am. Sept. 1. 118. — Nuttallj Gen. i. 

 . 109.— Roemer & Schulteg, Syst iii, 491 ; Mant iii. 333, — 

 De CanduUe, JProdr. ii. 14. — Sprengel, Syst. i. 495. — 

 DoHj Gen, Syst. ii. 17. — Spacb, Hist. Veg. li. 430- — 

 Lindley, Fl. Med. 393. — Dietrlchj Syn. i, 555. — Loudon, 

 Arb. Brit, ii- 518, f . 186. — Griffith, Med. Bot 433. — 

 Sargent, Garden and Forest^ ii. 616. . 



I. Cassine, /3. Linnaeus, Spec. 125. 



Cassine Peragua, lAim^MSy Mant. 220 (in part)- — Mar- 

 shall, ArbusU Am, 2G. 



Cassine Caroliniana, Lamarck, Diet. i. 652. 



I. ligustrina, Jacquin, Icon. PI. Mar. ii. 9, t. 310 ; Coll. iv. 

 105. 



I. Cassine, Walter, FL Car. 241, — i\Jton, Uort. Keit\ i- 170 

 (in part). — Chapman, FL 2G9- — Curtis, Hep. Gcoloy. 

 Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 59. — MaKimowicz, Mem. Acad. 

 St. Petersbourgy ser, 7, xxix, 22. — Sargent, Forest Trees 

 N, Am. lOtli Census U. S. ix. 36. — Trelcaset Trans. St. 

 Louis Acad. v. 346. — Watson & Coulter, Gray's Man* 

 ed. 6, 108. 



L Floridana, Lamarck, III. i. 356. 



L Cassena, ilichaus, FL Bor,-Am. ii. 229- — Poiret, Lam. 



r 



Diet. Suppl. iii. 65. — Roemer & SchulteSj Syst. iii. 490. — 

 Elliott, 5/:. ii. 681. — Darby, Bot. S. States, 426. 



I. religiosa, Barton, FL Virgin. 66. 



Cassine ramulosa, Eafinesque, Fl. Ludov'ic. 110. 



Hierophyllus Cassine, Rafinesque, Med. Bot. ii. 8. 



Emetila ramulosa, Rafinesque, Syloa Tellur. 45. 



Ageria Cassena, Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 47. 



A small ramulose tree, twenty to twenty-five feet in height, with a slender often incHning trunk 

 rarely more than six inches in diameter ; or generally a tall shrub sending up many stems from the ground, 

 and forming dense thickets. The bark of the trunk is from a sixteenth to an eighth of an inch thick, 

 with a light red-brown surface broken into minute thin scales. The branchlets are stout and placed 

 nearly at right angles with the stems ; they are slightly angled and puberulous during the first season, 

 and become glabrous or nearly so the second year, when they are terete and covered with pale gray 

 rugose bark. The winter-buds are minute and obtuse, with narrow dark brown, or often nearly black 

 scales. The leaves are elliptical or elliptical-oblong, obtuse, coarsely and remotely creuulatu-serrate ; 

 they are coriaceous, dark green and lustrous on the upper sm-face, pale and opaque below, an inch to 

 sometimes two inches long, a quarter of an inch to an inch broad, and contracted at the base into short 

 broad grooved petioles. They remain on the branches during two or three years, generally falhng just 

 before "the appearance of the new growth of the third season. The flowers are produced in short 

 glabrous cymes from the wood of the previous year ; on the sterile plant they are short-stemmed and 

 many-flowered, and on the fertile plant sessile and one or two-flowered. The slender club-shaped pedi- 

 cels are glabrous and furnished at the base with minute bracts. Rounded obtuse calyx-lobes with slightly 

 cihate or entire margins, and an ovary contracted below the broad flat stigma characterize the flowers. 

 The fruit, which is borne on short stems not more than a quarter of an inch in length, is produced in 

 the greatest abundance ; it ripens late in the autumn or in the early winter, and falls during winter, or 

 sometimes remains on the branches until the new growth begins. It is scarlet, nearly spherical, and a 

 quarter of an inch across or rather less. The nutlets are prominently few-ribbed on the back and sides. 



Ilex vomitoria is found near the coast from southern Virginia to the St. John's River and Cedar 

 Keys, Florida ; it extends along the Gulf coast to the shores of Matagorda Bay, and west of the Missis- 

 sippi 'River penetrates the interior to southern Arkansas and the valley of the upper Rio Blanco in 

 western Texas, the extreme western station at which it has been noticed. In the Atlantic and west 

 Gulf states the Yaupon is rarely found very far from salt water, or growing to a greater height than 



