New Brunswick Tornado. 71 
indicated by the force with which various objects, often of much 
weight, are carried spirally upward about the axis of the revolv- 
ing body. : - 
Now the effects of this inward vorticular motion at the surface 
of the ground, are clearly manifested in the cases before us; and- 
are also well illustrated by Prof. Bache, in his paper on this tor- 
nado, although referred by him to a different action.* — 
2. As the effects which may be observed at various points in 
the track were produced at different moments of time, and by 
forces acting in different directions, as well as of various intensi- 
ties, we may expect to find great diversities in the several direc- 
tions of the fallen trees and other prostrated bodies ; and further, 
as all the forces, in addition to their inward tendency, have like- 
wise a common tendency in the direction pursued by the tornado, 
we may expect to find, also, full evidence of this — force 
y 
in the direction of the fallen bodies. 
These effects, I need hardly state, are distinct] rved in 
the case before us; and appear likewise from the observations of 
Prof. Bache. The results already noticed have been observed 
also in the tracks of other tornadoes: so that a general inclina- 
tion, both inward and onward, amid the various and confused di- 
rections of the fallen bodies, is distinctly recognized by all parties 
to this inquiry. a 
3. It has been often noticed, that where two fallen trees are 
found lying across each other, the uppermost or last fallen points 
most nearly to the course pursued by the tornado. 
In view of the facts above stated, much pains have been ta- 
ken to establish, by induction, a central and non-whirling course 
in the wind of the tornado ; first inward and then upward, like 
that resulting from a common fire in the open air. I do not pro- 
pose to notice the insuperable difficulties which appear to attend 
this hypothesis. It is important to state, however, that all the 
above mentioned effects, when theoretically considered, are, at 
least, equally consistent with the involute whirling action of an 
advancing vortex. This important consideration I have not seen 
recognized by the advocates of the non-whirling theory; and it 
seems proper, therefore, to point out, as we proceed, other and 
more distinguishing effects of the whirling action. 
mi ell lla Se ie pian: 
* Transactions of American Philosophical Society, vol. v, N.S. 
