182 Association of American G‘eologists. 
n 7 =" + ' 
already been indicated, by some fossils that Lewis and Clark and Mr.» 
Thomas Nuttall had brought along with them from their travels, and 
which were described by Dr. Morton. Mr. N. exhibited farther, some 
fossil bones which had been submitted to the inspection of Dr. Harlan, 
who describes them as belonging to vertebre of a Squalus and of a nonde- 
script crocodile, also articulated vertebrae of an animal referrible to the 
order Enalio-sauri of Conybeare. The surface presented by a transverse 
section of these vertebre, Dr. H. thinks peculiar, as also the mode in 
which the ribs are attached to a small process in the middle of the infe- 
rior surface of each vertebra. From their size and unique character, it 
is quite probable that these vertebra form a part of the skeleton of the 
Sauro-cephalus lanciformis, (Harlan,) an animal possessing still more of 
the fish than the lizard, than exists in the organization of the ichthyosau- 
rus, in which respect these vertebra correspond. According to Dr. Har- 
lan, similar fossils have been found in the green sand of New Jersey and 
in the chalk of England. 
Mr. Nicollet concluded by remarking, that he had followed up and de- 
scribed this formation, along an extent of upwards of four hundred miles, 
and from information received and from fossils that had been furnished 
to him, thinks that it extends to the west at least as far as the sources of 
the rivers Running Water, White, Shayeune, &c. and northwest along 
the Missouri probably to the Yellow Stone, being an extent in length of 
about one thousand miles. 
Mr. Hodge followed with some observations concerning the 
secondary and tertiary deposits of the Carolinas. 
The remarks of Mr. Hodge regarding the secondary and tertiary de- 
posits of the Carolinas, will be found embodied in the next number of 
this Journal. He next noticed the deceptive appearance of the bowlders 
of quartz and primary rocks, scattered over the country north of Columbia, 
S. C., and extending throughout the gold region of North Carolina, all 
seemingly referrible to a similar cause with that which covered the hills of 
the northern states with their bowlders. But according to the previously 
expressed opinions of Messrs. Vanuxem and Mather, these are considere 
not to have been transported to any distance, but to belong to the rocks 
in their immediate neighborhood. 
He asked attention to the subject of the deposit gold mines; whether 
these were not still in progress of formation, notwithstanding the opinions 
to the contrary found in many of the foreign treatises ; mentioning theit 
occurrence always near the veins of the ore, and of the fact of veins hav- 
ing been discovered by working the deposits up to them, above which 
the gold suddenly ceased. Of the power of the freshets, the discovery of 
the little buried village in Nacochee Valley, Ga., was mentioned 2s ™ 
markable evidence. His opinion was, that though many of the deposits 
referred themselves far back to the period when the whole country Wa 
tee 
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