SOME CENOTHERAS FROM CHESHIRE AND 
LANCASHIRE:! 
R. R. GATES 
University of London 
Formerly Research Assistant to the Missouri Botanical Garden 
OBSERVATIONS 
(Enotheras are known to have been naturalized on the Lan- 
eashire coast since 1805, and probably existed there much 
earlier. They are now found on the sand dunes in many places, 
from Liverpool and the vicinity of Birkenhead northwards 
along the coast to Southport and Blackpool. They are not- 
ably abundant at St. Anne’s-on-Sea, where they have been 
described by Bailey (707), and in certain localities near Birken- 
head (MaeDougal '07). I have grown, chiefly at the Mis- 
souri Botanieal Garden, extensive cultures of plants from the 
latter region, from seeds obtained through Dr. D. T. MacDougal 
in 1907, and have visited the Lancashire coast in 1910 and 
again in July, 1914, when I travelled along the coast from Liver- 
pool to Southport and from Blackpool to St. Anne’s. The 
cenotheras everywhere appear to be spreading, although chil- 
dren gather the flowering shoots in armfuls. The profusion of 
individuals is greatest at St. Anne’s, where acres of waste land 
in the town are dotted over with them. Smaller colonies occur 
in various other places, notably at Bidston Junction, near 
Hightown and at Formby. Small groups of half a dozen plants 
are sometimes found in isolated places on the dunes. 
I will first refer to some of these colonies as I saw them during 
my last visit, and will then describe a few of the many forms 
observed in cultures. 
The Bidston Junction colony, referred to in MacDougal (97), 
is a compact and almost uniform one occurring on a triangular 
piece of ground between railway tracks, about five minutes’ 
walk down the foot path from Bidston Junction towards Wal- 
lersy, on the right-hand side. Some years ago, quantities of 
sand were dumped here from the coast between Wallersy and 
New Brighton. Soil from neighboring gardens has also been 
! [ssued January 30, 1915. 
ANN. Мо. Bor. GARD., Vou. 1, 1914 (383) 
