1915] 



"VVILLE — FLORA OF NORWAY 69 



4. The Region of the West-European Coast Flora. — This 

 includes the outermost islands in the province of Bergen. 

 The characteristic feature of the climatic conditions here, as 

 we have already stated, is not the large rainfall, for this is 

 in reality smaller than in certain parts of the Ilex Region; 

 but it is the extremely mild winter temperature, and a com- 

 paratively low summer temperature. 



For purposes of comparison we will here give the mean 

 minima for February and the mean maxima for July, for 

 Kristiania, which forms a center for the Silurian flora, 

 Larvik, the center of the beech region, Mandal of the holly, 

 and Utsire of the West-European coast flora. 



Mean minimum Mean maximum 



temperature for February temperature for July 



Kristiania 15.5° C. 28.8° C. 



Larvik 14.5° C. 25.8° C. 



Mandal 11.3° C. 24.8° C. 



Utsire 5.7° C. 19.9° C. 



On these outermost islands in the province of Bergen, the 

 mean temperature for January is 2°C. 



Among the plant species that are especially characteristic 

 of this region may be mentioned Asplenium marinum, Erica 

 cinerea, Hymenophyllum peltatum, Scilla verna, and Vicia 

 Orobus. These species are found in England, and some of 

 them southward along the shore of the Atlantic. 



II. THE PINUS SYLVESTRIS ZONE 



In the east of Norway Pinus sylvestris goes right down to 

 the sea, and occurs in many places in the Oak Zone; but in 

 speaking here of a special zone for Pinus sylvestris, we refer 

 to the great continuous forests of Pinus sylvestris and Picea 

 excelsa, which cover wide tracts of country from the upper 

 limit of the Oak Zone to a height of 3,116 feet in the south 

 of Norway, 1,640 in the central part, and 623 in the north. 

 Pinus sylvestris avoids the sea, and is therefore absent from 

 the outermost belt of islands ; but inland it forms, either alone 

 or together with Picea excelsa, a more or less continuous 

 region of distribution below the above-stated height-limits up 

 to latitude 70°N. 



