1915] 



WILLE FLORA OF NORWAY 73 



On the drier tracts there are low copses of Betula nana 

 and Juniperus nana, with a ground vegetation of mosses and 

 lichens and a poor selection of mountain plants, such as An- 

 tennaria alpina, Arctostaphylos alpina, Azalea procumbens, 

 Carex rigida, Hieracium alpinum, Juncus triftdus, Erigeron 

 alpinus, E. uniflorus, Festuca ovina, Gnaphalium supinum, 

 Luzula arcuata, Luzula nivalis, L. spicata, Lycopodium alpi- 

 num, L. Selago, Nardus stricta, Pedicularis lapponica, Poly- 

 gonum viviparum, Rhodiola rosea, Salix herbacea, S. reticu- 

 lata, Trientalis europaea, Vaccinium Myrtillus, V. uliginosum, 

 V. Vitis-Idaea, Viscaria alpina, and others. 



Where the soil is very poor and the climate during the 

 vegetation period very dry, as on the mountain moorlands 

 in the east of Norway — 'round the lake Faemundsoe, and 

 between the valleys Oesterdal and Gudbrandsdal — there occur 

 great lichen-covered heaths consisting of Cladonia rangi- 

 ferina, Cetraria nivalis, C. cucidlata, Alectoria divergens, 

 and A. nigricans, which give a grayish white appearance to 

 the mountains. Among the masses of lichens there are found 

 only a few very easily satisfied mountain plants such as 

 Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta, Solidago Virgaurea, etc. 



Where, on the other hand, the soil abounds in lime, and 

 the conditions otherwise are favorable, as in certain places 

 on the Hardanger Plateau in the south, Lorn and Dovre in 

 the center, and several places in the north of Norway, rare 

 mountain plants occur, such as Alsine biflora, A. hirta, Dryas 

 octopetala, Primula scotica, P. stricta, Oxytropis lapponica, 

 Papaver radicatum, Rhododendron lapponicum, Salix polaris, 

 Veronica saxatilis, etc. 



If the soil, on the contrary, is deep and damp, as in mor- 

 asses and along streams, or where water trickles down the 

 sides of mountains, there is quite a different and more abund- 

 ant vegetation, consisting of mosses with thickets of Salix 

 glauca, 8. lanata, S. lapponum, and S. Myrsinites, often with 

 an undergrowth of Aira alpina, Andromeda hypnoides, Car- 

 damine b ellidif olia , Cerastium trigynum, Eriophorum capi- 

 tatum, E. vaginatum, Juncus biglumis, J. castaneus, J. tri- 

 glumis, Koenigia islandica f Oxyria digyna y Petasites frigida, 



