1915] 



WILLE FLORA OF NORWAY 81 



alpine; but farther west fossil arctic plants have been found 

 in a number of places. 



D. Danielsen ('09, '12) has found, between Kristianssand 

 and Mandal, fossil leaves of Salix polaris from 46 to 59 feet, 

 Dryas octopetala from 46 to 52 feet, and Betula nana from 

 46 to 52 feet above the sea. The uppermost marine bound- 

 ary here is from 137 to 141 feet above sea-level, but the leaves 

 are supposed to have been carried out by currents and de- 

 posited at a depth of perhaps 65 feet. Something similar may 

 have taken place with most of those subsequently mentioned, 

 as they are sometimes found covered with more or less loose 

 material. 



C. F. Kolderup ( '08) has found, near Bergen, Dryas octo- 

 petala, Salix polaris, and S. reticulata, from 115 to 130 feet 

 above the sea, while the marine boundary lies at a height of 

 about 190 feet above sea-level. 



J. Eekstad ('05, '06, '07, '08) has found Salix polaris 130 

 feet above the sea in Sondfjord, 187 feet above the sea in 

 Nordfjord (marine boundary 250 feet above sea-level), and 

 in Nordmore sometimes 82 feet, sometimes from 344 to 377 

 feet, above sea-level ; and Salix herbacea in Nordfjord 220 feet 

 above the sea (marine boundary 360 feet above the sea), in 

 Sondmore 85 feet. 



K. O. Bjorlykke ( '00) has found Salix reticulata near Krist- 

 iania 540 feet above the sea, and near Trondhjem 340 feet 



above sea-level. 



P. A. Oeyen ( '04, '07) has found Dryas octopetala and Salix 

 reticulata near Trondhjem at a height of 557 feet above sea- 

 level, and Salix polaris in Asker, near Kristiania, 600 feet 

 above the sea (the marine boundary at the latter locality is 

 692 feet above sea-level). 



Eemains have also been found of species that may have a 

 subalpine occurrence, such as Betula nana, Juniperus nana, 

 and Salix phylicif olia ; but as they are less conclusive, they 

 are not included here. 



The point of especial interest is that these fossil plants 

 on the west coast are found with remains of the high arctic 

 mollusc Yoldia arctica, which is not now found on the shores 



