1915] 



WILLE — FLORA OP NORWAY 103 



Stellaria Holostea grows along the coast from G-rimstad to 

 Bergen. It is found in Sweden from Skaane to Bohuslan, but 

 must have migrated into southern Norway from Denmark, 

 where it is common. 



Teucrium scorodonia is found from Lyngor to Flekkef jord. 

 In Sweden it has probably only become wild, but in Denmark 

 it is common. 



Vicia cassubica is found from Kragero to Kristianssand. 

 In Sweden it is found from Skaane to Dalsland, but it is 

 common in Denmark. 



Vicia lathyroides grows along the coast from the Hvaler 

 Islands farthest east off Norway, to Kristianssand. In 

 Sweden, however, its distribution is easterly from Skaane to 

 Upland, so it must be assumed that it migrated into Norway 

 directly from Jutland in Denmark, where it is not uncommon. 



It will be noticed that most of these plants which I assume 

 to have immigrated directly from Denmark (Jutland) to the 

 south of Norway, are either bog or leguminous plants, or are 

 such as have small seeds or stone-fruits. The carriage across 

 water surfaces of such plants as these one would imagine 

 could most easily take place through chance transport by birds. 

 The distance across the Skagerak from Denmark to Norway 

 is about 93 miles, and according to J. A. Palmen ( 76) there 

 are regular lines followed by birds of passage from Jutland 

 to Jaederen, as also one almost to Kristianssand and another 

 to Risor, the very places which appear to be the center of the 

 distribution of the majority of the above-named species which 

 I assume to have come directly from Denmark. 



It is still loss probable that a number of plants that belong 

 to the coast flora of Western Europe, and in Norway are 

 found only in the extreme west, where the winter temperature 

 is unusually mild (from -f-1 to +2°C), should have immi- 

 grated from England via Denmark and Sweden, where they 

 do not now grow, or at any rate grow only in the extreme 

 south. If they did make such a journey, the climate must 

 have been so much milder in the southeast of Norway that 

 the warm period that is proved in the Stone Age would not 

 have gone nearly far enough. A climatic change as violent 



