1915] 



BESSEY — PHYLOGENETIC TAXONOMY 123 



Family 24. Araceae. Arums. Mostly herbaceous plants 

 with broad, petioled leaves, having reticulate venation; pistil 

 1-4-celled; ovules 1 or more. Anthurium, Acorus, Monstera, 

 Symplocarpus, Calla, Philodendron, Calocasia, Caladium, 

 A rum, A risaema. ( Pf . 2 3 : 102. ) 



Family 25. Lemnaceae. Duckweeds. Very small, floating, 

 aquatic herbs ; pistil 1-celled ; ovules 1 or more. Lemna, Spiro- 

 dela. (Pf. 2 3 :154.) 



Order Palmales. Compound pistil mostly tricarpellary, 

 superior ; ovule solitary ; perianth reduced to rigid or herbace- 

 ous scales ; endosperm copious. (Species about 1085.) 



Family 26. Palmaceae. Palms. Trees or shrubs with pin- 

 nate or palmate leaves; pistil 1-3-celled; fruit a 1-seeded 

 berry or drupe (rarely 2-3-seeded). Phoenix, Chamaerops, 

 Calamus, Oreodoxa, Cocos. (Pf. 2 3 :1.) 



Order Graminales. Compound pistil reduced to 2 or 3 car- 

 pels; ovule solitary; perianth reduced to small scales or en- 

 tirely wanting; endosperm copious. (Species about 5795.) 



Family 27. Restionaceae. Rush-like herbs or undershrubs, 

 with spiked, racemed, or panicled mostly diclinous flowers; 

 perianth segments 6 or less, chaffy; pistil 1-3-celled; ovules 

 orthotropous, pendulous. Restio. (Pf. 2 4 : 3.) 



Family 28. Centrolepidiaceae. Small rush-like herbs with 



mostly monoclinous flowers in spikes or heads ; perianth none ; 

 pistil 1-several-celled ; ovules orthotropous, pendulous. Cen- 



trolepis. (Pf. 2 4 :11.) 



Family 29. Flagellariaceae. Erect or climbing herbs with 



long narrow leaves, and panicled flowers ; pistil 3-celled ; ovules 

 solitary, anatropous, ascending; fruit a 1-2-seeded berry. 

 Flagellaria. (Pf.2 4 :l.) 



Family 30. Cyperaceae. Sedges. Grass-like herbs with 

 3-ranked leaves; perianth segments bristly or none; pistil 

 1-celled; ovules anatropous, erect. Cyperus, Scirpus, Fim- 

 bristylis, Rhynchospora, Car ex. (Species 1959.) (Pf. 2 2 : 98.) 



Family 31. Poaceae. Grasses. Mostly erect herbs with 

 hollow, jointed stems, and 2-ranked leaves ; perianth segments 



