1915] 



BESSEY PHYLOGENETIC TAXONOMY 129 



ruminated; trees or shrubs with alternate leaves and small, 

 inconspicuous, dioecious flowers. Myristica. (Pf. 3 2 :40.) 



Family 56. Saururaceae. Rhizomatous marsh herbs, with 

 alternate leaves; flowers perfect, small, spicate; perianth 0; 

 carpels 3-4, more or less united. Saururus. (Pf. 3 1 : 1.) 



Family 57. Piperaceae. Peppers. Herbs, shrubs, and 

 trees with alternate (or opposite) leaves; flowers perfect or 

 diclinous, mostly spicate ; perianth ; pistil 1-celled, 1-ovuled ; 

 endosperm present. Piper, Macropiper. (Pf. 3 1 : 3.) 



Family 58. Lacistemaceae. Tropical American shrubs and 

 trees with alternate leaves, and perfect flowers; perianth 

 mostly ; stamen 1 ; pistil 3 or 2-carpellary. Lacistema. (Pf. 



S*:14.) 



Family 59. Chloranthaceae. No perianth whatever; pistil 



1, with 1 ovule ; mostly tropical trees and shrubs, with opposite 

 leaves, and small flowers. Chloranthus. (Pf. 3 1 : 12.) 



Family 60. Ranunculaceae. Buttercups. Petals present 

 in one whorl, or absent ; sepals mostly deciduous ; stamens and 

 carpels indefinite, the latter usually separate; mostly herbs 

 with alternate leaves. Myosurus, Ranunculus, Anemone, Cle- 

 matis. (Pf. 3 2 :43.) 



Family 61. Lardizabalaceae. Petals and sepals 6 each; 



6; twining or erect shrubs, with alternate leaves. 

 Akebia, Lardizabala. (Pf. 3 2 :67.) 

 Family 62. Berberidaceae. Barberries. Petals usually 



present, in 1-3 whorls; stamens few; carpel 1 (rarely more), 

 with many ovules; mostly shrubs with alternate leaves and 

 perfect flowers. Podophyllum, Berberis. (Pf. 3 2 :70.) 



Family 63. Menispermaceae. Moonseeds. Petals present, 

 in 2 whorls ; carpels 3 or more ; twining shrubs with alternate 

 leaves and small dioecious flowers. Menispermum, Cocculus. 

 (Pf. 3 2 :78.) 



Family 64. Lauraceae. Laurels. Aromatic trees and 

 shrubs with alternate simple leaves and small flowers ; petals 

 ; carpel 1 ; ovule 1, pendulous ; endosperm 0. Cinnamomum, 

 Persea, Ocotea, Umbellularia, Sassafras, Litsea, Laurus. (Pf. 

 3 2 :106.) 



amens 



