[Vol. 



148 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 



Super-Order Cotyloideae - Apopetalae. Petals separate. 

 Carpels many to few, separate to united, superior to inferior. 

 This super-order appears to have originated near the begin- 

 ning of the Strobiloideae, and therefore the orders Ranales 

 and Rosales are to be regarded as closely related. Their 

 relationship to Alismatales, also, has already been pointed out. 



Order Rosales. Flowers cyclic, usually perfect, dichlamy- 

 deous (rarely apetalous), actinomorphic to zygomorphic 



(regular to irregular) and mostly pentamerous; carpels 

 usually several to many, separate or more or less united, some- 

 times united with the axis-cup (rarely reduced to 1) ; styles 

 usually distinct. (Species about 14261.) 



Family 192. Rosaceae. Roses. Herbs, shrubs, and trees 

 with mostly alternate leaves; stamens usually indefinite, on 

 the cup-margin; carpels several to many (rarely 1), free (but 

 they may be enclosed in the deep cup) ; ovules usually 2, ana- 

 tropous; endosperm 0. Potentilla, Frag aria, Spiraea, Rosa. 

 ( Species about 2700. ) ( Pf . 3 ! : 1. ) 



Family 193. Malaceae. Apples. Shrubs and trees with 

 alternate leaves; stamens usually many on the cup-margin; 

 carpels few, more or less united, and adnate to the axis-cup, 

 so as to be "inferior"; endosperm 0. Sorbus, Pirus, Mains, 

 Crataegus. (Pf. 3 :{ :1, 18.) 



Family 194. Prunaceae. Plums. Shrubs and trees with 

 alternate leaves; stamens many, on the cup-margin; carpel 

 one, in the bottom of the dee]) cup, becoming a drupe; endo- 

 sperm 0. Prunus, Amygdalus. (Species 150.) (Pf. 3 3 : 1, 50.) 



Family 195. Crossosomataceae. Southwest North American 

 shrubs, with small leaves and a bitter bark ; sepals and petals 

 5 each; stamens 20 or more; carpels 3-5; seeds many, reni- 

 I'orm; endosperm scanty. Crossosoma. (Pf. Nachtrage zu 

 Teil ii-iv, 185.) 



Family 196. Connaraceae. Tropical trees and shrubs with 

 alternate compound leaves; stamens definite (5-10); 

 mostly 5, free; ovules 2, ascending, orthotropous ; endosperm 

 fleshy or 0. Connarus, Cnestis. (Pf. 3 3 :61.) 



