1915] 



BESSEY PHYLOGENETIC TAXONOMY 161 



merous, umbellate, capitate, or corymbose; ovary 2-4-celled, 

 fruit drupaceous. Garrya, Nyssa, Cornus, Aucuba. (Pf. 

 3 8 :250.) 



Super-Order Cotyloideae - Sympetalae. Petals united. 

 Carpels few, united, inferior ; stamens usually as many as the 

 corolla-lobes, mostly attached to the corolla. 



Order Bubiales. Flowers 4-5-merous, actinomorphic 

 (rarely zygomorphic) ; stamens 4-5, attached to the corolla; 

 calyx small ; ovary 2-8-celled ; ovules 2 to many in each cell. 

 (Species about 5063.) 



Family 278. Rubiaceae. Madders. Trees, shrubs and 

 herbs, mostly tropical, with opposite or whorled leaves ; flowers 

 usually perfect, and regular, with valvate, contorted, or im- 

 bricate corolla-lobes ; carpels mostly 2 ; style simple, bifid, or 

 multifid; fruit a capsule, berry, or drupe; endosperm from 

 fleshy to 0. Houstonia, Cinchona, Bouvardia, C ephalanthus , 

 Randia, Coffea, Mitchella, Galium, Rubia. (Pf. 4 4 :1.) 



Family 279. Caprifoliaceae. Honeysuckles. Mostly woody 

 plants with opposite leaves ; flowers usually zygomorphic, with 

 imbricate corolla-lobes ; carpels 2-5, with 1 or more pendulous 

 ovules; style usually with a capitate undivided stigma; fruit 

 a berry; endosperm fleshy. Sambucus, Viburnum, Linnaea, 

 Lonicera. (Pf. 4 4 :156.) 



Family 280. Adoxaceae. Moschatels. Slender herbs with 



scaly rootstocks, bearing ternately compound leaves; flowers 

 small, regular, greenish, in heads; stamens about 10; ovary 

 3-5-celled; fruit drupaceous; endosperm cartilaginous. 

 Adoxa. (Pf. 4 4 :170.) 



Family 281. Valerianaceae. Valerians. Herbs (and shrubs) 

 with opposite leaves; flowers somewhat irregular, cymose, 

 corymbose, or solitary; stamens 1-4, the anthers free; ovary 

 1-3-celled, the ovules pendulous; fruit with 1 fertile cell, 

 1-seeded; endosperm scanty, or 0. Valerianella, Fedia, 

 Valeriana. (Pf. 4 4 :172.) 



Family 282. Dipsacaceae. Teasels. Herbs (and shrubs) 

 with opposite or whorled leaves; flowers zygomorphic, in 



