[Vol. 2 



162 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 



involucrate heads; stamens 2-4, the anthers free; carpels 2, 

 but pistil 1-celled; ovule 1, pendulous; endosperm scanty. 



Cephalaria, Dipsacus, Scabiosa. (Pf. 4 4 : 182.) 



Order Campanulales. Flowers actinomorphic to zygo- 

 morphic; stamens mostly free, their anthers free or connate; 

 ovary 1 to several-celled; ovules 1-8. (Species about 1539.) 



Family 283. Campanulaceae. Bellflowers. Mostly milky- 

 juiced herbs (shrubs and small trees), with alternate (or oppo- 

 site) leaves; flowers regular or irregular; stamens usually 5, 

 free, or more or less united ; carpels 2-5 ; ovules many ; endo- 

 sperm fleshy. Campanula, Lobelia. (Pf. 4 5 :40.) 



Family 284. Goodeniaceae. Mostly Australian herbs and 



shrubs, with alternate (or opposite) leaves; flowers usually 



irregular; stamens 5, free, or cohering above; ovary 2-4- 



celled; ovules many; endosperm fleshy. Goodenia, Scaevola, 

 Brunonia. ( Pf . 4 r> : 70. ) 



Family 285. Stylidiaceae. Mostly Australian herbs, with 

 tufted, radical, or scattered and sometimes crowded stem- 

 leaves; flowers usually irregular; stamens 3-2, mostly con- 

 nate with the style; ovary 2-celled, many-ovuled; endosperm 



fleshy. Stylidium, Levenhookia. (Pf. 4 5 :79.) 



Family 286. Calyceraceae. South American herbs, with 

 alternate leaves; flowers regular or irregular in involucrate 

 heads; stamens attached to the corolla-tube, anthers free; 



ovary 1-celled; stigma capitate; ovule 1, pendulous; endo- 



sperm fleshy. Boopis, Calycera. (Pf. 4 5 :84.) 



Order Asterales. Composites. Flowers actinomorphic or 

 zygomorphic, collected into involucrate heads; calyx small, 

 and often forming a "pappus" ; stamens 5, epipetalous, mostly 

 with their anthers connate, dehiscing introrsely; carpels 2, 

 united, inferior, with one style which is 2-branched above; 

 ovule one, erect, anatropous; endosperm 0. An immense 

 order (commonly regarded as a family) of about 14,324 

 species, which are usually distributed among fourteen tribes, 

 all of which are here raised to families. In the following 

 arrangement the Helianthaceae are regarded as the lowest, 

 from which the two principal phyletic lines have arisen, cul- 



