[Vol. 2 



210 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 



The Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin, were founded in 1790, through 

 the influence of Dr. Walter Wade and the Hon. Dublin Society, and in 1877 were 

 transferred to the Science and Art Department. The Botanic Garden of Trinity 

 College, Dublin, was established in 180(5-08. (See Notes from the Botanical 



School of Trin. Coll., Dublin l:p. 3. 1890.) 



The garden at Breslau waa founded in 1811. The Geneva Garden, founded in 

 1817, has recently been transferred to a new site. The Munich Garden was 

 founded in 1822 (see Martius, Hort. Bot. R. Acad. Monacensis p. 5. 1825.) It 

 is now one of the most interesting gardens on the Continent and forms an integral 

 part of the new and magnificently equipped Botanical Institute. 



The Glasgow Botanic Garden was established in 1817, having been preceded 

 by an earlier Physic Garden; in 1841 the garden was moved to its present site 

 and now occupies about forty acres (see Sherry, C. The Glasgow Botanic 

 Gardens. Glasgow, 1901). 



The botanic gardens whose history has been sketched in 

 the preceding pages can all trace back their origin to the herb 

 gardens of mediaeval times and the physic gardens of the 

 early universities. Their raison d'etre, the growing of simples 

 for the medical profession, has resulted in the exploration 

 of the globe for the useful, the beautiful, and the curious in 

 the vegetable kingdom. A few other botanic gardens, how- 

 ever, remain to be considered, whose origin must be traced 

 to a different motive. These gardens lie within the tropics, 

 and the desire to participate in the valuable trade in spices, 

 then a monopoly of the Dutch, led to the establishment of 

 gardens for the cultivation of various spices and other im- 

 portant economic plants during the latter part of the 



eighteenth century. 



The credit of establishing economic gardens in the tropics 

 belongs to Great Britain, and the experiment, started with the 

 founding of the botanic garden in the Island of St. Vincent, 

 in 1764, has been continued, at times somewhat intermittently, 

 until at the present day a botanic garden or station is to be 

 found in almost every British dependency and possession. 



The lead given by Great Britain has been followed by other 

 nations and several notable achievements have resulted. 

 Foremost among these must be mentioned the Botanic Gardens 

 at Buitenzorg, Java, 1 probably the most complete and exten- 



1 The complete institution at Buitenzorg, known as "Lands Plantentium," 

 is divided into nine Departments: I. Herbarium and Museum; II. Botanical 



