1915] 



ATKINSON — PHYLOGENY IN THE ASCOMYCETES 



325 



to the copulation of the archicarp with free conidia. The 



situation in Collema 



carb 



(Dodg 



14) 



im (Bachm 

 and Zodio 



i 



13), Ascobolus 

 vorticellarius 



(Thaxter, '96), is sim- 

 ilar where the tricho- 

 gyne copulates with 

 spermatia (conidia) still 

 attached to the sperma- 

 tiophore. These cases 

 are very strong evidence 

 suggesting the homology 

 of conidia (or pycno- 

 spores as the case may 



be) 



i spermatia 1 in 



the Ascomycetes. 



Progression in the di- 

 rection of multiplication 

 of antheridia, or sper- 

 ionhores. and their 



ma 



Fig. 

 sexual 



3. Monascus, showing development of 



i 



xrgans 



« 



association in groups archicarp; tr, trichogyne; asc, ascogonium; 



con, co nidi um with which trichogyne is cop- 

 ulating; A.h, ascus hooks or croziers; B, young 



(I more Or leSS fruit showing ascogenous hyphae within, at left 



is a very young fruit body showing ascogonium 



fila- 



followed from the sim 

 pie 



• -I i I »i i» 19 it VCIJ( JfUUiig I1IUV uuu^ ouuniug "owgt 



lSOiatea Situation, pro- becoming surrounded by the enveloping 



course 



the Same ments; C, mature fruit body with asci and 

 i • i w • ascospores. — Upper row of figures after Barker ; 



men IS reCOg- lower group after Schikorra. 



nized in the association 



and massing of conidiophores into bundles, cushions, or 



cnidi 



It is the same 



nized as a striking indication of progression in other groups 

 of plants, a cephalization of fruiting or reproductive struc- 

 tures, as in the bryophytes, lycopods, conifers, and angio- 



In the latter it has given us the flower, and further 



sperms 



phalization of the flower has resulted in the head of the com 



Their 



enough to permit of their performing as conidia or sperms, as in the case of 

 Eetocarpus, Prostosiphon, Ulothrix, etc. 



Strasburger ('05, p. 25) has expressed 



the idea that the pyenospores of the Ascomycetes might have been spermatia, 

 and that the process of fructification now presented by these fungi is a secondary 

 adaptation in place of the erstwhile fertilization by spermatia. 



