[VoL. 3 
2 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 
clearly responsible for these diseases. It now appears that a 
considerable literature has been gradually accumulating, but 
it was not correlated with the work on Rhizoctonia, proceed- 
ing at the same time, owing largely to incorrect determina- 
tions. I owe the present outlook upon the literature to the 
illuminating paper of Rant (715%) in which, it would seem, 
from his description and figures, that he clearly and correctly 
identifies the ‘‘mopo’’ fungus of Cinchona seed-beds in Java 
as Momliopsis Aderholdu, described by Ruhland (208) and 
designated by him as the cause of seed-bed and propagation- 
bed difficulties. It was necessary for me to go but a step 
further to determine that Moniliopsis Aderholdii is in reality 
identical with Rhizoctonia Solani. It seems well, however, to 
review briefly all the contributions thus far found which seem 
to shed light on this fungus as a cause of disease in propa- 
gating-beds, as studied in Europe and in Java, especially as 
it serves to supplement the literature cited in my recent paper 
(Duggar, 715). 
Since comments will be made in eonneetion with the re- 
view of literature, it may be well to emphasize certain char- 
acteristics particularly distinctive of Rhizoctonia Solani, and 
among those important are the following: 
(1) The great variety of higher plants affected; (2) the 
rapidity of spread where seedlings are attacked, presenting 
an appearance as if hot water had been poured over the 
young plants; (5) the growth of a web of mycelium over the 
fallen plants and likewise over the adjacent soil, so that frag- 
ments of soil adhere when the plants are lifted 3 (4) mycelium 
practically hyaline when young, with characteristic branching 
and septation, becoming brownish with age; (5) under favor- 
able conditions, especially in culture, the development of floc- 
cose masses, consisting of chains of cells (Monilia-like), often 
much branched or elbowed, colorless to brownish; (6) the for- 
mation of dark brown sclerotial bodies, irregular in size and 
outline, developing in the same way as the Йоссове masses, but 
denser by anastomosis, with the form of the cells (in mature 
E practically uniform throughout, that is, with no dif- 
s perhaps more than any other characteristic enables нин to dis- 
Der the fungus from the effects of Pythium and of Botryti 
