1916] 
GILMAN——CABBAGE YELLOWS 47 
After the death of the host the fungus traverses all the 
tissues, sporulating at the surface and within the host also. 
In this way the fungus is able to return to the soil. Whether 
it may winter over in the host tissue was tested by marking 
plants which have been killed 
by the yellows in the field in —— (? 
1913, and then bringing these 
plants into the laboratory in 
the spring of 1914. The 
stumps were first freed from 
the soil by brushing them 
under water and then wash- 
ing in running water for 
fifteen minutes. After this 
washing the stalks were di- 
vided into equal portions and 
placed = two flats of Sterile Fig. ll. Conidia obtained from over- 
greenhouse soil (sterilized ID  wintered cabbage stem in spring of 1915. 
the autoclave at eleven Camera lucida sketch x 800. 
pounds pressure for five hours) and left for twenty-four days, 
after which time the flats were planted to cabbage on June 3, 
1914. Yellows was found in both flats on J uly 6, 1914, show- 
ing that the fungus was able to get back into the soil from 
these stems, or that the roots coming in contact with the 
stems were attacked. 
That the fungus may live over in the 
soil was first shown by E. F. Smith 
(99, '99*), when he found that the organ- 
ism in the soil was able to withstand dry- 
ing in the laboratory for three and one-half 
<-> years. Dr. M. P. Henderson in some un- 
published studies on Phoma lingam showed 
ET ig E inadvertently that the stumps of cabbage 
tem of over-win- are not necessary for the transmission of 
tucida sketch, Сашега Fusarium conglutinans, as it is able to live 
in the soil. He found that F. conglutinans 
was still present and virulent in soil that had been sifted 
through a fine sieve. 
