1916] 
DUGGAR AND DAVIS—NITROGEN FIXATION 417 
Hiltner from which it would appear that Lolium temulentum 
(inhabited by an associated fungus) thrives equally well in 
quartz sand with or without nitrogen as fertilizer, while the 
fungus-free Loliwm italicum develops much better when the 
quartz sand is fertilized with nitrogen than when the sub- 
stratum is without such fertilization. 
In the first experiments reported by Ternetz (’04) with the 
fungus isolated from the roots of certain Ericaceae, and later 
designated Phoma radicis vars., very slight nitrogen fixation 
was found. In 100-150 ce. of nutrient solutions containing 
dextrose .6-3.85 mg. represent the range of fixation. 
Stimulated by the work of Saida and others, Heinze (’06) 
reports a detailed repetition of the work of Saida (’01) and 
Puriewitsch (795), employing to a considerable extent the 
same organisms and the same solutions. The work seems to 
have been unusually extensive, but since it was in every case 
negative, no details are published. Heinze was apparently 
inclined in 1903 to consider the possibility that yeasts in cer- 
tain stages may fix nitrogen, since he states (see review of 
Schulze’s work by Heinze, Centralbl. f. Bakt. IL. 10: p. 675): 
‘‘Schliesslich deuten mancherlei Beobachtungen der Ref. 
darauf hin, dass man auch event. bei den Hefen—und zwar in 
statu sporulandi—moglicherweise gerade bei den Vorgängen, 
bei denen die Spore nach Hansen wiederum zum Sporangium 
wird, mit gewissen mehr oder weniger stark ausgeprügten 
N-Assimilationsvorgángen zu rechnen hat." This earlier 
statement is apparently the basis of Lipman's (’11—’12, see 
p. 173) reference to Heinze's work. 
Through pot experiments with seedlings of Pinus montana 
with and without mycorhiza, Moller (206) concluded that the 
fungus associated with the roots of this species is unable to 
supply the host with nitrogen accruing as a result of fixation. 
In continuation of her earlier work Ternetz (’07) has 
secured data of special interest, with reference to fixation, for 
Phoma radicis vars., likewise in a comparative way for a few 
other fungi and bacteria. The utmost care seems to have 
been observed with respect to the purity of materials, the use 
of necessary blanks in the analyses, and of controls in the 
