[Vor. 4 
70 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 
of leaves or flower parts also varies, as well as (rarely) the 
number of whorls. Teratological variations are relatively 
abundant and have been described in many of the species, par- 
ticularly Т. grandiflorum Salisb., T. erectum L., and T. sessile 
L. A number of these records have been brought together 
below, and a more exhaustive search in semi-popular journals 
would doubtless add to the list.! 
Cowles, S. N. Am. Nat. 3: 102. 1869. 
At Otisco, N. Y., two specimens of T. erythrocarpum Michx. 
with pistillate flowers and 9 petals were collected. The extra 
petals replaced the stamens and were somewhat smaller than 
normal. 
Matthews, G. F. Am. Nat. 3: 382. 1869. 
At St. John, N. B., one specimen of Т. erythrocarpum Michx. 
was gathered with 4 leaves, 4 sepals, 4 petals, and 8 stamens. 
Fisher, В. А. Am. Nat. 4: 46. 1870. 
At Arba, Ind., one specimen of Т. sessile L. was found with 
parts in fours, and one specimen of Т. recurvatum Beck with 
2 leaves, 2 sepals, 2 petals, 4 stamens, 2 stigmas. 
Hankenson, Е. L. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 1: 21. 1870. 
Т. grandiflorum at Newark, Wayne Co., №. Y. “Forms 
found here have petals more or less turned to green, with 
long petioled smaller leaves, borne lower down on the stem; 
or with stem leaves entirely wanting, and a single radical leaf 
instead. The calyx of the leafless stemmed form appears 
larger and more leafy.” 
Hall, Г.Н. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 1: 21. 1870. 
Т. erectum L. var. album Pursh, in central and western 
New York. The author thinks the variety album and normal 
red may appear from the same rootstock in successive years. 
The variety album is normally a starveling, smaller. The 
color of the petals varies from creamy yellow or greenish 
white to the normal purple, sometimes with a blush of purple 
1 Certain of these facts were referred to elsewhere. See Gates, В. В. Ter- 
atology and phylogeny in the genus Trillium. Science N. S. 42: 879. 1915. 
