[Vor. 4 
84 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 
TRILLIUM L. 
Sepals and petals 3 each; 
PARIS L. 
Sepals and petals 4-6 each; 
petals larger and more or 
less colored. 
petals smaller than sepals, 
sometimes very long and 
slender. 
Stamens 8-12, filaments short, 
anthers with an elongated 
connective. 
Stamens 6, filaments filiform, 
connective not prolonged or 
only slightly prolonged be- 
yond the anthers.’ 
Ovary 3-celled, or 1-celled 
with parietal placentation 
in T. grandiflorum and 
sometimes in teratological 
specimens. 
Styles 3. 
Leaves normally a whorl of 3. 
Ovary 4-5-celled, or 1-celled 
with parietal placentation. 
Styles 4-5. 
Leaves a whorl of 4 or more. 
Several significant facts point to the direct origin of Paris 
from the Т. erectum group of Trillium, probably through 
Trillium tetraphylla Gray and Paris quadrifolia L. Compar- 
ing T. erectum with P. quadrifolia the main differences are: 
(1) the parts in fours instead of threes; (2) the greenish re- 
duced petals of the latter; and (3) the greatly elongated con- 
nectives of the anthers. Every one of these conditions is 
more or less completely duplicated in teratological variations 
of Trillium. Plants with all the parts in fours occur occa- 
sionally in a number of species; a virescent condition of the 
petals is not uncommon; in T. decumbens the anther connec- 
tives are prolonged beyond the pollen-sacs. The one-celled 
condition of the ovary in some species of Paris is found as a 
relatively common teratological variation in Trillium. 
Paris tetraphylla Gray? forms a transition between the 
group of Trillia closely related to T. erectum in northeastern 
Asia and Paris quadrifolia, for its anther connectives agree 
with those of most species of Trillium in not being at all pro- 
1 Except in teratological specimens. 
2 Except in teratological specimens and in T. decumbens Harb. 
3 This species is found in China, Japan, and the Himalayan region. 
. Ас 
See Gray, 
Asa. Mem. Am ad. N. S. 6: 412. 1858-59. 
