1918] 
BONNS—ETHERIZATION AND ENZYME ACTIVITY 229 
Effect on protoplasmic streaming. — Ewart (703) cites 
Kühne as probably the first to show that chloroform and ether 
inhibit protoplasmie streaming.  Dilute solutions at first 
caused stimulation, while concentrations of 10-25 per cent 
saturation caused immediate retardation. Тһе reversal of 
the action, if the normal environment was restored after a 
short inhibition period, was also substantiated by Haupt- 
fleisch (292). Retardation of streaming in hairs of Primula, 
Petunia, and Lycopersicum was also reported by Schneider 
(293). Demoor (795) noted the initial stimulus of chloroform 
on the protoplasmic movement of T'radescantia, with marked 
vacuolization for a short period preceding anaesthesia. Pre- 
anaesthesial excitation of the nucleus, he observed, was 
greater than that of the cytoplasm. Recovery of normal func- 
tions varied with the individual objects studied, which in- 
cluded cells of Fumaria, and leucocytes. 
The observations of Farmer and Waller (’98) are in gen- 
eral a confirmation of the work already cited. The materials 
studied in this case were Chara and Elodea. On the other 
hand, the findings of Demoor are controverted in part by 
Samassa (’98-’01?), who noted that with complete inhibition 
of protoplasmic streaming in Tradescantia, nuclear division 
does not continue, but an inhibitory after-effect of varying 
duration results. 
Josing ('01) approached the problem from another view- 
point, considering the effect of the anaestheties, among other 
factors, with respect to the environment. Vallisneria, Elodea, 
and T'riamea were studied, and treatment resulted in cessa- 
tion of streaming in darkness and a renewal of activity in 
light. An aqueous solution of ether of definite concentration 
increased the length of time of streaming in light. Deviation 
from this optimum on either side resulted in time reduction. 
Streaming under unfavorable temperature conditions con- 
tinued for a longer period in etherized plants than in controls. 
In the absence of oxygen or in the presence of carbon dioxide 
the period of streaming in control plants was greater than in 
those previously etherized. 
