1920] 
BURT—THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 137 
Fructifications coriaceous, effuso-reflexed or somewhat dimid- 
iate, usually cespitose-imbricated, confluent, varying from vil- 
lose to hirsute, buckthorn-brown, more 
or less radially plicate; hymenium bleed- Jil) Wy iy yl 
ing when fresh if cut or bruised, drying p p Ly, j 
snuff-brown and more or less darker dis- Lp 
colored; in structure 600-700 uy thick 
exclusive of the hairy covering, com- _ Fig. 18. S. gausapatum. 
posed of densely and longitudinally ar- yp: pia 
ranged hyphae, with flexuous, colored of conducting organs. 
conducting organs 75-120X5 yu, very 
numerous in the hymenium; no cystidia; spores hyaline, even, 
5-8 X 21-31 u. 
Singly or covering areas up to 10 em. and more in diameter; 
reflexed portion about 1 cm. broad, 1-21 em. long or more, or 
with small pilei or lobes 1-13 cm. in diameter. 
On stumps of Quercus usually. Canada to Alabama and 
westward to Washington and California. August to March. 
Common. 
S. gausapatum is usually recognizable at sight by its clustered 
fructifications tobacco-colored above and clothed with a heavy 
villose or strigose coat, by the rather dark hymenium which 
bleeds when cut and becomes somewhat darker discolored in 
drying, and by the occurrence on oak. Sectional preparations 
show very numerous, colored conducting organs in the hyme- 
nium. S. australe of the Gulf states bleeds and has colored 
conducting organs, although fewer, but its fructifications do not 
form dense clusters and are not radially plicate. S. sanguino- 
lentum has the same geographical distribution as S. gausapatum 
and bleeds when fresh and has colored conducting organs, 
but has small fructifications occurring on conifers only. The 
hairy covering of the pileus is greedily devoured by herbarium 
insects, leaving the pilei bare of their normal covering if speci- 
mens are not protected against their depredations, but, except 
for insect depredation, this covering is a persistent character. 
Fries described the effuso-reflexed stage of S. gausapatum 
under the name T. spadicea, confusing this stage with the more 
southern and specifically different Thelephora spadicea of Per- 
soon, which does not occur in America. It seems preferable 
