CATALOG OF HUMAN CRANIA — HRDLICKA 317 



The angle between the endobasion-prealveolar point and the alveolar 

 point-subnasal point lines gives the measure of alveolar prognathism, 

 which it is useful to show separately from the facial prognathism. 



Endobasion-nasion. — Distance between endobasion and nasion. 



The angle between the endobasion-prealveolar point line and that 

 from the alveolar point to nasion, gives the facial angle, which is the 

 expression of the combined alveolar and facial protrusion. 



Nasal height. — Distance from nasion to the middle of a line connect- 

 ing the lowest points of the two nasal fossae. 



If instead of the border there is a gutter, the measurement is taken 

 to the level of the nasal floor. 



Nasal breadth. — The greatest horizontal breadth of the aperture. 



Orbits: Height. — Maximum height between normal points on the 

 inferior and superior border of each orbit. 



Orbits: Breadth. — The breadth of each orbit from the dacryon to the 

 farthest point on the lateral border of the orbit. 



(If the dacryon is damaged the measurement is taken from the 

 nearest point on the mesial border of the orbit.) 



Length of the alveolar arch. — The anteroposterior distance between 

 the foremost point of the alveolar border above the median incisors 

 and the middle of a transverse line connecting the posterior extremi- 

 ties of the alveolar border. 



Breadth oj the upper alveolar border. — The greatest breadth externally 

 of the normal alveolar arch. 



DEFORMATIONS 



The cranial deformations throughout these series were artificial 

 and are of one type, namely the "flat-head" or fronto-occipital com- 

 pression. As will be seen from the data the frequency of the practice 

 differed much in different tribes and more or less also in different 

 localities. The greatest proportion of deformed skulls occurred in 

 Mississippi and the neighboring regions, among the old Natchez and 

 related tribes; the lowest incidence is noted in the more central and 

 southern parts of Florida. The Texas material alone shows no trace 

 of the practice, which is suggestive. 



IDENTIFICATION OF SEX 



The sexing of adult Indian crania in general and with due experience 

 is not difficult, and in many cases of the skulls here reported upon, it 

 has further been facilitated by the presence of other skeletal parts, 

 more particularly the pelvic bones, the greater sciatic notch of which is 

 one of the best sex distinguishing characters. The few specimens — 

 certainly not over 5 percent — in which some doubt as to the sex 

 remained, are in all probabiHty distributed equally in the male and 

 female records and can have no effect on the results. 



