572 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 



VOL. 87 



Protoopalina, Subgeneric Group II, Including Groups 2 and 3 of Metcalf, 1923a 



(fig. 129) 



P. caudata (Zeller), in discoglossids, Europe. 



P. c. discoglossi Metcalf, in Discoglossus, Europe. 



P. c. microhyla Nie, in a gastrophrynid, southwest India. 



P. macrocaudata Metcalf, in a discoglossid, eastern Asia. 



P. orientalis Metcalf, in a discoglossid, eastern Asia. 



P. yunnanensis, new species, in a discoglossid, eastern Asia. 



P. caccosterni Fantham, in a gastrophrynid. South Africa. 



P. luzonensis, new species, in a gastrophyrnid, Philippine Islands. 



P. borneonensis, new species, in a ranid, Borneo. 



P. peronii Metcalf, in a leptodactylid, eastern Australia. 



P. dorsalis (Raff), in a leptodactylid, western Australia. 



P. intestinalis (Stein), in discoglossids, Europe. 



P. pelobalidis Metcalf, in Pelobates, Europe. 



P. hylarum (Raff), in Hyla, eastern Australia. 



P. bibronii, new species, in an archaic bufonid, southeastern Australia. 



P. stejnegeri Metcalf, in a discoglossid, extreme northwestern United States. 





O' ■•^•'? 



P5P^ 





Figure 129. — Geographic distribution of Protoopalina, subgeneric group II. 



The typical discoglossid parasites are included here. Through 

 P. caudata form attenuata and P. orientalis the group approaches 

 group I in form. From the archaic species of group I were derived 

 group II, forms many of which have spread to Euro-Asia and are 

 there parasitic in discoglossids, one pelobatid and three gastro- 

 phrynids, all but perhaps the last being ancient hosts. The species of 

 this second subgenus that have remained in, or returned to, the sub- 

 Antarctic habitat (Australia) are found in an archaic bufonid, two 

 leptodactylids, and a Hyla. I have interpreted the presence of the 

 Protoopalinas of group II in Australia as due to there having been 



