﻿GEOLOGY. 
  261 
  

  

  afford 
  an 
  escape 
  for 
  the 
  water 
  through 
  the 
  superficial 
  

   deposits 
  D, 
  to 
  the 
  surface, 
  or 
  to 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  its 
  source, 
  

   the 
  water 
  itself 
  being 
  the 
  motive 
  power, 
  and 
  the 
  elevat- 
  

   ing 
  force 
  being 
  restrained 
  or 
  counteracted 
  in 
  the 
  degree 
  

   of 
  the 
  resistance 
  the 
  water 
  encounters 
  in 
  passing 
  through 
  

   the 
  strata, 
  the 
  weight 
  of 
  the 
  column 
  ejected, 
  and 
  the 
  

   atmospheric 
  pressure 
  above 
  the 
  surftice. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  obvious, 
  therefore, 
  that 
  borings 
  into 
  A, 
  in 
  the 
  

   direction 
  of 
  its 
  outcropping, 
  or 
  into 
  the 
  basin 
  itself, 
  if 
  it 
  

   were 
  filled 
  with 
  superficial 
  deposits 
  to 
  a 
  higher 
  level 
  

   than 
  the 
  source 
  of 
  the 
  subterranean 
  fountain, 
  would 
  not 
  

   be 
  attended 
  with 
  success. 
  

  

  Other 
  agencies 
  may 
  co-operate, 
  it 
  is 
  true, 
  in 
  producing 
  

   this 
  efiect, 
  as 
  the 
  carbonic 
  acid 
  gas, 
  which, 
  in 
  its 
  escape 
  

   from 
  its 
  invaded 
  sources, 
  forces 
  the 
  water 
  up 
  with 
  it. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  remarkable 
  well 
  at 
  Kissingen, 
  in 
  Bavaria, 
  a 
  

   column 
  of 
  salt 
  water, 
  discharging 
  one 
  hundred 
  cubic 
  feet 
  

   per 
  minute, 
  is 
  thus 
  ejected 
  with 
  such 
  force 
  as 
  to 
  elevate 
  

   it 
  fifty-eight 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  surfiice 
  from 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  six- 
  

   teen 
  hundred 
  and 
  eighty 
  feet. 
  

  

  Similar 
  effects 
  are 
  produced 
  by 
  the 
  same 
  agency, 
  but 
  

   in 
  a 
  less 
  stupendous 
  degree, 
  in 
  the 
  salt 
  wells 
  on 
  the 
  Ka- 
  

   nawha, 
  in 
  Virginia; 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  sulphur 
  well, 
  bored 
  in 
  the 
  

   bed 
  of 
  the 
  Scioto 
  River, 
  near 
  Columbus, 
  Ohio; 
  the 
  water 
  

   is 
  driven 
  up 
  with 
  great 
  force 
  by 
  its 
  own 
  gas, 
  from 
  a 
  

   depth 
  of 
  two 
  hundred 
  and 
  fifty 
  feet. 
  

  

  The 
  Geysers, 
  or 
  intermittent 
  hot 
  springs 
  of 
  Iceland, 
  

   afford 
  another 
  example 
  of 
  the 
  elevation 
  of 
  water 
  by 
  

   natural 
  means, 
  the 
  elevating 
  agent 
  in 
  that 
  case 
  being 
  

   the 
  pent-up 
  vapor 
  generated 
  by 
  internal 
  volcanic 
  fires. 
  

  

  The 
  popular 
  belief 
  that 
  Artesian 
  wells 
  are 
  of 
  very 
  

   modern 
  origin 
  is 
  unfounded, 
  as, 
  according 
  to 
  several 
  

   ancient 
  writers, 
  they 
  appear 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  known 
  at 
  an 
  

   early 
  age. 
  

  

  