586 MONOGRAPHS OF NORTH AMERICAN RODENTIA. 
long, suspends the hyoid from the back part of the skull; and there are other 
shorter, but still well-developed, “ cornua”. 
The salivary glands are of enormous size.* On removal of the skin, 
these glands present most conspicuously as a great mass across the throat, 
completely filling the space between the jaw and the thorax, and between - 
the corner of the skull and point of the shoulder to the general contour of 
the body at this part, and dipping deep behind and above the angle of the 
skull, where it lies against the base of the skull. It is this glandular mass 
that largely contributes to lack of distinction of neck observable in life, and to 
the rendering of the circumferential measurement of the head behind the 
ears as great as that of the body behind the shoulderst The two lateral 
glands, which meet, but do not fuse, on the middle line of the throat, are the 
parotids. Excluding the deep-seated portion beneath the mastoid and audi- 
tory bullae, the glands form a flattened mass of irregular shape, the posterior 
border adapted to the contour of the shoulder and thorax, the anterior simi- 
larly fitted to the jaw. The duct proceeds from the anterior border, from a 
point opposite the angle of the jaw, and lies superficial upon the masseter, 
running forward along the middle of the mandibular part of this muscle, to 
empty in the mouth near the commissure of the lips. Lying deep-seated, 
covered by the mass just described, is found another pair of salivary glands, 
perfectly distinct, about three quarters of an inch long, of a flattened amyg- 
daloid shape. These are the submaxillaries; they are in relation with the 
muscles of the root of the tongue and inner border of the jaw, and the duct 
appears to open on the side of the tongue near its base.t 
The wsophagus, measuring about five inches in length, is a simple tube,’ 
of uniform small calibre, peculiar in no respect; it pierces the stomach at a 
point midway between the pyloric and cardiac ends. 
The stomach, wndistended and lying smoothly, flat on its side, appears 
like a thick V, or still more like the conventional heart (on a pack of playing 
cards for example), though with gently rounded angle,and with longer upper 
ends and deeper emargination than those of the figure just suggested. The 
oO 
5 
* Apparently much as in the Beaver, and further indicating affinity between Haplodon and Castor. 
The salivary glands “are enormous in the Beaver, extending from before the ears forward and downward 
to contact with the submaxillaries, which are about one-twentieth their size; the whole forming a sort 
of glandular collar”.—(Owrn, Comp. Anat. and Phys. Vert. iii, 399.) 
t The large mass of nuchal muscles on the back of the neck make the line from the occipital crest 
to the shoulders straight. 
} There is a large lachrymal gland. ‘The eye-ball is very diminutive, about an eighth of an inch in 
diumeter—ifi could easily be inserted into the meatus of the ear. 
