SCIURIDA—SCIURUS HUDSONIUS AND VARS. 685 
GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION.—Subspecies hudsonius, as already noted, 
varies considerably in size and color with locality. As a rule, northern 
specimens are considerably larger than southern ones; but, on the other hand, 
New England specimens are much smaller than those from Central Pennsyl- 
vania or than those from localities farther west having the same latitude as New 
England Specimens from Minnesota and thence westward are among the 
largest examined. Northern specimens, as also those from the Black Hills, 
are paler or more fulvous than specimens from the eastern portions of the 
United States; they are, at the same time, more distinctly annulated below 
with black. Specimens from the [astern and Middle States are hence more 
intensely white below and more rufous above than those from more northern 
localities. Var. richardsoni appears to attain its greatest degree of special- 
ization in the Bitter Root Range, near the eastern boundary of Idaho Terri- 
tory, ranging more toward the hudsonius phase farther eastward, and toward 
fremonti and douglassi respectively southward and westward. Var. dowglassi 
varies quite markedly with the latitude, southern specimens being smaller 
than northern ones, and somewhat differently colored, especially in being 
less annulated with black below. -Var. fremonti appears to be more constant 
in its coloration than either of the others, and the differences presented by 
different specimens appear to be more individual than geographical. 
SYNONYMY AND NOMENCLATURE.-—Neither of the varieties of Sciwrus 
hudsonius has any very prominent synonyms. The eastern form was at first 
referred by Forster to the Sciurus vulgaris of Europe. . Erxleben, in 1777, 
likewise referred it to S. vu/garis, but distinguished it as var. hudsonicus. 
The following year it was described by Pallas under the name Sccurus hud- 
sonius, by which name it has ever since been currently known. Ord (accord- 
ing to Baird), in 1815, applied to it the name carolinus. The name rubro- 
lineatus of Desmarest is the name of a nominal species, recognized by only 
a few writers, referable to hudsonius. Following the strict rule of priority, 
the name should probably be written hudsonicus (from Erxleben), this being 
the first distinctive appellation given to this form, it having apparently a pri- 
ority of one year over hudsonius. 
The next form designated by a systematic name is var. dowg/ass?, first 
named by Gray in 1836, and first described by Bachman in 1838. It is the 
“Small Brown Squirrel” of Lewis and Clarke, and the “Sciurus hudsonius 
var. 6” of Richardson, based on Lewis and Clarke's description. Gray 
