894 MONOGRAPHS OF NORTH AMERICAN RODENTIA. 
it is variously referred to incidentally as the “ Petit Chien”, ‘‘ Prairie Dog”, 
“Barking Squirrel”, and “ Burrowing Squirrel”, and is described at length 
in volume ii (p. 175) under the name “ Barking Squirrel”. In Gass’s Narra- 
tive of the same expedition, published in 1807, it is briefly referred to as the 
“Prairie Dog”. Pike, in his account of his travels on the Missouri and_ 
Arkansas Rivers, in 1805 and 1806 (published in 1810), also refers to it as 
the “Wishtonwish”, or “ Prairie Squirrel”, and gives much information 
respecting its habits. To the animal described under the name “ Barking 
Squirrel”, in the second volume of the “Biddle-Allen” narrative of the Lewis 
and Clarke expedition, Ord, in 1815, gave the name Arctomys ludovicianus, 
basing the name on Lewis and Clarke’s description. Say, in 1823, under 
the same name, gave a somewhat fuller account of its habits, and described 
the species from a specimen brought from the Upper Missouri, many years 
before, by Lewis and Clarke. In the mean time, Rafinesque, in 1817, 
renamed the Barking Squirrel of Lewis and Clarke (=Arctomys ludovicianus 
of Ord and Say) Cynomys socialis, basing both the genus and the species on 
Lewis and Clarke’s description. Rafinesque, in the same paper, also gave 
the name “ Cynomys? grisea” to Lewis and Clarke’s “ Petit Chien” of the 
Upper Missouri, which is identical with their “Prairie Dog” and “Barking 
Squirrel’. Later, in 1825, Harlan, while recognizing the Arctomys ludovicia- 
nus of Ord and Say, and referring to it the Prairie Dog of Lewis and Clarke, 
gave the name Arctomys latrans to Lewis and Clarke’s Barking Squirrel of 
“the plains of the Missouri”, thus adding another nominal species to the two 
introduced by Rafinesque. Neither Rafinesque’s names nor that proposed 
by Harlan have received recognition except in the works of a few foreign 
compilers. 
As already shown, this species was first met with by Lewis and Clarke, 
during their journey up the Missouri River in 1804, while Pike met with it 
the following year on the Arkansas River. The first published reference to 
it appears to have been made by Gass, in 1807, who gives, however, no 
information of importance respecting it. Pike, in 1810, gave a more detailed 
account of its habits, while Say, in 1823, further contributed to its biography 
and gave of it the first formal scientific description. It has since been well 
described by various authors, and may be considered as one of the best 
known of our smaller Mammals. It figures largely in the accounts of all 
