912 MONOGRAPHS OF NORTH AMERICAN RODENTIA. 
Mus (Arctomys) monax Haut, Can. Nat. and Geol. 1860, 302. 
Glis canadensis ERXLEBEN, Syst. Anim. 1777, 363 (in part only ; = Quebec Marmot, Pennant + Quebee 
Marmot, Iorster). : 
Mus empetra Pattas, Nov. Spec. Glires, 1778, 74 (= Aretomys parryi Richardson, excepting reference to 
Pennant’s Quebec Marmot).—Boppart, “ Elench. Anim. i, 1784, 105.” 
Arctomys empetra SaBINE, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1822, 544 (the description only; not the synonymy; not 
Mus empetra Pallas, nor the Arctomys empetra Schreber, Gmelin, and previous authors gener- 
ally); ? Franklin's Journ. 1825, 662.—HaRLAN, Faun. Amer, 1825, 160 (in small part only ; 
= empetra of Pallas, Gmelin, ete.).—RICHARDSON, Parry’s Voy. App. 1825, 315; Faun. Bor.-Am. 
i, 1829, 147, pl. ix (=empetra Sabine, and hence mainly A. monax).—F1scHER, Synop. Mam. 
1829, 343 (in part only ).—ScH1nz, Syn. Mam. ii, 1845, 61 (in part only).—Gray, ‘ Knowsley’s 
Menag. 1846, pl. vii.” 
Mus (Arctomys) empetra Hati, Can. Nat. and Geol. 1860, 302. 
Arctomys melanopus KUHL, Beitriixe, 1820, 64 (Canada). 
Aretomys empetra, 8 melanopus FIscuEr, Syn. Mam. 1829, 343 (= melanopus Kuhl). 
Arctomys marmota canadensis KUHL, Beitriige, 1820, 64 (Canada). 
? Stereodectes torius Cop, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1369, 3; Proc. Amer. Phil. Soe. Phila. 1869, 172, pl. 
iii (fossil; bone-caves, Virginia; probably based on an abnormal incisor of Arctomys monaz). 
©? Arctomys ” Lerpy, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila. vii, 1869, 404 (= Stereodectes torlus Cope). 
Le Siffleur, LA Hontan, Voy. dans l’Amér. i, 1703, 233. 
Monax, Catressy, Nat. Hist. Car. App. 1743, xxviii. 
Monax or Marmotte of America, Epwarps, Birds, ii, 1745, 104, pl. civ (specimen from Maryland). 
Glis marmotta, americanus, KLEDN, Quad. 1751, 56.—Brisson, Reg. Anim. 1756, 164. 
La Marmotie WV Amérique, BRISSON, 1. ec. 
Maryland Marmot, PENNANT, Syn. Quad. 1771, 270; Arctie Zodl. i, 1784, 111; ib. 2d ed. 1792, 128 (in part 
only; mixed with a species of Capromys 
? Quebec Marmot, PENNANT, 1. c. (probably A. monaz,. 
Monax gris, F. Cuvier, Hist. des Mam. livr. xxxvii, 1822. 
Woodchuck, Grownd-hog, vulgo. 
Speciric cHARS.—Length to base of tail 14.50, varying from 13.00 to 
15.50; of tail-vertebrae about 4.50; of tail to end of hairs about 6.75. Color 
above generally mixed fulvous, brownish-black, and gray ; below, yellowish- 
rufous, varying to brownish-rufous. ‘Top of head, upper surface of all the 
feet, and the tail usually black or brownish-black; nose and chin gray; sides 
of the head (below the eyes) and throat yellowish-white ; fore limbs and 
region all round their insertion usually lively rust-red.. Varies to wholly 
brownish-black, varied slightly with pure gray or rusty-gray, and even to 
nearly uniform intense black. The ears are large, rounded, thinly haired, 
generally gray, but varying in the darker specimens to brownish-gray, passing 
into black at their extremities. Tail full, round, and bushy, with the hairs 
generally considerably less than half the length of the head and body. 
Specimens from the same locality vary greatly in color, the gray of the 
upper parts varying from whitish-gray to yellowish-gray, the black from 
brownish-black to pure black, and the fulvous from pale fulvous to yellowish. 
The abundant soft under fur is black or dusky at base, then fulvous, passing 
into brewnish-fulvous. ‘The basal dusky zone occupies from one-third to two- 
thirds of the whole length of the under fur, the remainder being fulvous, the 
