Type of the Genus Massospondylus. 103 



referable to one individual. The presence of portions of 

 three pubic bones of diflferent sizes indicates at least three 

 individuals ; but those bones show no divergence of cliaracter. 

 There are three vertebrte, which are of different type from the 

 majority of the remains, and probably belong toother species. 

 Most of the bones, however, are referable to the species 

 Massospondylus carinatus. The early dorsal vertebraj, of 

 which the centrums are preserved, have, when taken by them- 

 selves, enough resemblance to the Teleosaurian type to explain 

 Sir R. Owen's recognition of a Teleosaurian affinity. But 

 the pubis of Zanclodon, which I examined in 1878 at Stutt- 

 gart and Tubingen, proved to be identical in type with Masso- 

 spondylus^ and therefore fixed the systematic position of the 

 genus among the Megalosaurian Saurischia. Some other 

 parts of the skeleton approximate to Zanclodon, but the 

 differences are considerable. The ilium conforms to the 

 Triassic type, as represented by Zanclodon^ Aefosaurus, &c., 

 in having the vertical plate of the bone high and more deve- 

 loped posteriorly than anteriorly ; but it does not develop 

 descending pedicles to give attachment to the pubis aad 

 ischium, approaching in this respect to the type of Cetio- 

 saurus. 



My conclusions also diverge from the College of Surgeons 

 Catalogue in the following osteological determinations. The 

 vertebra? of Massospondylus carinatus^ which were regarded 

 as probably from the tail, 1 believe to be cervical, from their 

 resemblance to the cervical vertebree of Zanclodon. The 

 dorsal vertebra? show a similar affinity. It seems to me not 

 improbable that the caudal vertebrge named Pachyspondylus 

 Orpeni are the tail of this species of Massospondylus, though 

 it is impossible, in the absence of history of the specimens, to 

 make the identification with certainty. There is one sacral 

 vertebra, which Professor Owen recognized as having some 

 Dinosaurian characters. It is the only evidence of the sacrum 

 preserved. There is a close resemblance in form between 

 the ischium and scapula in animals of this type. The bone 

 349, regarded as a left scapula, seems to me to be the ischium ; 

 no. 350, termed upper part of the same scapula, I regard as 

 distal end of the same ischium. A similar bone, 359, is 

 named ischium; another example, 357, was referred with doubt 

 to the proximal end of the humerus. The bone 351, named 

 lower end of left scapula, I regard as the proximal end of the 

 pubis ; and the bone 352, which is compared to the scapular 

 end of a right coracoid, is also the proximal end of a pubis. 



Pachyspondylus and Leptospondylus, in the absence of 

 further evidence of their characters, may be held for the 



