Species of British Echinodermata. 123 



1839. Goniaster Templetoni, Forbes, Mem. Wern. Soc. vol. viii. p. 118, 

 pi. iv. fig. 2. 



1841. Porania gibbosa, Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist, vol. vi. p. 288. 



1842. Asteropsis pulvillus, Miiller & Troschel, Syst. der Aster, p. 14. 



Porania pulvillus, though not common, occurs on the southern, 

 western, and northern coasts of Great Britain ; but is wholly ab- 

 sent on the east, where its place is taken by the next species. 

 It is an inhabitant of the Norwegian and Swedish seas. 



Genus XVII. Goniaster, Agassiz. 



[Goniaster, Agassiz, 1887. Hippasteria, Gray, 1841. Astrogonium, 

 Miiller & Troschel, 1842.'] 



Body pentagonal, flat beneath, convex above ; rays of mode- 

 rate length. Oral and aboral surfaces covered with elegantly 

 tessellated plates, each of which is surrounded by a row of gra- 

 nules, and bears on its centre either a large tubercle or a semi- 

 elliptic pedicellaria. Two rows of square marginal plates, each 

 surrounded by a beaded margin of granules, and bearing one, 

 two, or three strong tubercular spines. Respiratory pores in the 

 narrow interspaces of the plates. Suckers biserial. Anus sub- 

 central. Madreporiform tubercle nearer to the centre than to the 

 margin of the disk. 



Goniaster phrygianus (Parelius) . 



1768. Asterias phrygiana, Parelius, Kong. Norske Videnskabers Selskabs 



Skrifter (Act. Nidros.), vol. iv. p. 424, pi. xiv. figs. 1, 2. 

 1788. Asterias equestris, Gmelin ?, Lin. Syst. Nat. no. 3164. 

 1841. Goniaster equestris, Forbes, British Starfishes, p. 125. 



1841. Hippasteria plana, Europcea, and Johnstoni, Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. 



vol. vi. p. 279. 



1842. Astrogonium phrygianum, Miiller & Troschel, Syst. der Asteriden, 



p. 52. 



1843. Goniaster Abbensis, Forbes, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. xi. p. 280, pi. vi. 

 1857. Astrogonium aculeatum, Barrett, Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. xx. p. 47, 



pi. iv. fig. 4 (variety). 

 1861. Astrogonium phrygianum, var., Sars, Oversigt af Norges Echinoder- 

 mer, p. 44 (variety). 



This species is found in deep water off the Shetland and 

 Orkney Islands and the north of Scotland, and ranges thence 

 down the eastern side of Great Britain as far south as Yorkshire. 

 It is a member of the fauna of Norway, Sweden, Finmark, and 

 western North America. 



The pedicellaria? of this species differ wholly in form from 

 those of all other British Echinodermata. They consist of two 

 semielliptic, slightly arched, strong, calcareous valves which close 

 over an aperture in the plate to which they are attached. The 

 muscles by which the pedicellariee are worked pass through the 

 aperture just mentioned. It is not uncommon to find grains of 



