with particular regard to the Danish Fauna. 199 



nales. The upper part of the ductus ejaculatorius is free and 

 convoluted; the lower portion is also convoluted, but encased in 

 a thick muscular covering ; its lowest division commences rather 

 wider than the rest, is broad and flat, on the outside strengthened 

 by a pair of chitinous plates, and furnished with retracting 

 muscles, whilst the inner surface is spinulose and carries at its 

 extreme end a chitinous fork, in Cerambyx also warts, organs of 

 touch. During the act of copulation the fork is fixed in the 

 vulva, and the whole broader part of the ductus ejaculatorius is 

 turned inside out and pushed into the vagina so far that it 

 reaches the bursa copulatrix, whereby the small spines on the 

 inner membrane of the ductus ejaculatorius become turned out- 

 side with this membrane, so that they point backwards, and 

 thus serve to keep the male organs in place during copulation. 

 The penis is formed by two flat chitinous plates joined above 

 and surrounded by two narrow flaps, which above form a con- 

 tinuous ring, and underneath are joined for a part of their 

 length. 



The ovaries are divided into numerous ovarian tubes, like the 

 fingers of a hand, the number of the tubes varying from less 

 than ten (Motor chus, Pogonocherus, Leptura nigra, 7-9) to nearly 

 fifty (Leptura testacea, 40). The eggs are of a very elongated 

 form, often very numerous, of considerable size when mature. 

 The oviducts are short, their inner membrane spinulose ; the 

 common oviduct short. The bursa copulatrix appears as a pro- 

 longation of the top of the vagina beyond the point of insertion 

 of the common oviduct : it is short in Leptura and Clytus, of 

 greater length and formed like a bag with a narrow neck in 

 Rhagium, tubular in Lamia, distended towards the to.p end in 

 Cerambyx, Motor chus, Liopus, Exocentrus, Mesosa. The sperma- 

 theca rarely round (Saperda populnea), club-shaped (S. carcha- 

 rias, Mesosa), or elongated (Exocentrus), but generally hook- 

 shaped and somewhat enlarged at the base, with a strong muscle 

 on the concave side ; the inner membrane chitinized, brown, or, 

 as in Saperda carcharias, black. The ductus spermathecce opens 

 into the vagina at the point where this is joined by the bursa 

 copulatrix. The accessory gland is inserted on the external side 

 and near the base of the spermatheca; its shape is different in 

 different groups, being short and thick, more or less club-shaped, 

 in Cerambycini and Lepturini, but long, fiat, and often ramified 

 in Lamiini; it is exceedingly long in Lamia, Mesosa, highly 

 ramified in Exocentrus, with more than one hundred ramifica- 

 tions in Saperda carcharias. The ovipositor is long, slender, and 

 constructed like a telescope; the first joint is formed by the 

 bending inwards of the pieces which cover the cloaca or com- 



