Bibliographical Notice. 477 



two ice-fjords under 61° and 62° ; but there, as elsewhere, it is impos- 

 sible to approach the " springs " in boats, on account of the falling ice. 

 Mr. Rink adduces several otber considerations in favour of his view, 

 — for instance, that the thickness of the ice in the valleys of the inte- 

 rior in many places must reach 1000 to 2000 feet, and consequently 

 prevent the freezing of the water at the surface of the earth ; that 

 the only reason why the glaciers on the islands and the peninsulas 

 do not reach the sea, and cover the rivers, as the inland ice does, is 

 the small extent of the valleys in which they are formed, &c. But 

 this must suffice to show the bearing of his views and the arguments 

 by which they are supported. Two maps accompany the treatise, 

 both designed and engraved by a Greenlander. 



Dr. Kroyer' s paper on the Greenland species of Liparis,Gymnelis, 

 Lumpenus, Lycodes, and Sticheevs must, to some extent at least, be 

 considered as an instalment of those descriptions to the plates of 

 Gaimard's ' Voyage en Scandinavie ' which are not found in the text 

 of that work, but which Dr. Kroyer has intimated his intention of 

 communicating through the ' Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift.' Of the 

 fourteen species here described, nine are illustrated in Gaimard's 

 work. The descriptions of all, being given in Latin, with the author's 

 usual care, require no further commentary ; and we need hardly do 

 more than enumerate them. Of Liparis Dr. Kroyer mentions five 

 species as belonging to Greenland — L. Fabricii, Kr., L. tunicata, 

 Bernhardt, L. Montayui, Don, L. lineata, Kr., and L. Reinhardi, 

 Kr. The last of these has been described by Bernhardt, sen., who 

 has contributed so largely to the Greenland fauna, as L. yelatinosus, 

 and as identical with the species described as Cyclopterus yelatinosus 

 (from Kamschatka) by Pallas. Dr. Kroyer, however, is of opinion 

 that Pallas' s species is altogether distinct, although it agrees with 

 the one described by Bernhardt, and which Kroyer proposes to 

 name Reinhardi, in certain peculiarities wdiich remove them both 

 so far from all other species of Lijmris as to necessitate the forma- 

 tion of a new genus, for which the name Careproctus is proposed. 

 These peculiarities consist in the smallness of the sucking-disk, the 

 place of the anus much nearer the mouth, entailing a different shape 

 and position of the inner parts, the shape and position of the pec- 

 toral fins, &c. Gymnelis viridis, O, Fabr., appears to be one of the 

 commonest fish in Greenland, but does not even reach Iceland or the 

 shores of Hudson's Bay. Dr. Kroyer mentions four species of Lum- 

 penus from Greenland, viz. L. aculeatus, Bhdt., L. gracilis, Bhdt., 

 L. Fabricii, Bhdt., and L. medius, Bhdt. : he preserves the genus 

 Lumpenus as distinct from Clinus, though its original characters have 

 proved rather vacillating ; but he has not adopted the division of it 

 (proposed by the American ichthyologist Gill, without indication of 

 characters) into three new genera,' i Leptocli?it(s (L. aculeatus), Centro- 

 blennius (L. gracilis), andLutnpenus. Dr. Kroyer observes, however, 

 that Bernhardt, sen., has shown long ago (Transactions of the Boyal 

 Danish Society, division of Natural History, vol. vii.) that the species 

 maybe distributed into three groups (with which Mr. Gill's new genera 

 coincide), according to whether they have merely maxillary teeth or 





