On two new Species of GummineaB. 17 



section); g, umonbal muscle (a horizontal section) ; u, setal band ; 

 w, outer edge of setal band ; x, setse. 

 Fig. 5. Cardinal region of pedicle-valve, a, deltidium ; b, deltidial ridges; 

 b', deltidial callosities, slightly developed ; c, areal spaces ; d', 

 lineated impression, produced by anterior end of corneous layer 

 of pedicle (see fig. 8, d) ; e, lobe-scars produced by tendinous lobes 

 of corneous layer of pedicle ; h, cross section of muscular or inner 

 layer at root of pedicle ; i, central hollow of pedicle : b, posterior 

 parietal ; g, umbonal muscle; n, setal band, which has its outer 

 edge (w) etiected to show the parts d, h, i (the corneous layer is 

 removed to show the lineated impression made by the anterior 

 end of its lower division — see fig. 3, d, g). 



II. — On two new Species of Gumminese, with Special and 

 General Observations. By H. J. CARTER, F.R.S. &c 



[Plate I.] 



In a glass jar bearing the inscription "H.M.S. 'Porcupine,' 

 No. 3a, lat. 48° 31' N., and long. 10° 03' W., depth 500 faths., 

 and muddy bottom," which must have been just outside the 

 so-called " chops " of the English Channel, is an oblong spe- 

 cimen about 2|xljXf inch, consisting of a mass of dead 

 Lophohelia prolifera, over which has grown a Farrea, which, 

 having shared the same fate, had become partially infested, both 

 inside and out, with three other sponges bearing spicules which 

 indicate that they belong respectively to Dictyocylindrus, Bk., 

 Desmacella, Sdt., and Reniera, Sdt., together with a Cliona whose 

 habitat was inside the stems of the Lophohelia and its fenestral 

 openings on the surface of the latter, all of which have finally 

 become enveloped in a Gummina, whose fleshy substance now 

 forms the greater part of the mass (PL 1. figs. 1 & 2). 



With the exception of the Lophohelia and Farrea, all appear 

 to be new species. 



As the three infesting sponges are merely parasitic growths 

 of small dimensions and without definite form, I shall onhi be 

 able to characterize them by their complements of spicules re- 

 spectively. The Cliona, too, having lived in the interior of the 

 Lophohelia, necessitates a similar description, while the Gum- 

 mina, which, as before stated, forms the greater part of the 

 mass, claims our first and chief consideration. 



It is with great pleasure that I embrace this opportunity of 

 calling attention to a class of sponges which has been very little 

 studied, especially in England ; and having found in the British 

 Museum, through the aid of Dr. Gray, another species, which 

 came from Port Jackson in New South Wales, I shall thus be 

 able to give the results of my examination of this as well as the 



Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 4. Vol. xii. 2 



