Mr. R. Svvinhoc on three new Species of Birds. 373 



heads ; or it may consist of two birotulates joined together in 

 the form of a cross, and thus present four heads. All the 

 sponges just mentioned, too, possess anchoring-spicules of two 

 kinds, viz. spiniferous and smooth, of which the free or anchoring 

 end of the former terminates in two recurved spines or hooks 

 opposite. But these spicules in all are free, and flow from all 

 parts of the base, not twisted into a compact cord like those 

 of Hyalonema, which also traverses the body of the latter, as 

 before stated, in the same form, rendering it solid in the centre, 

 which solidity is replaced, in all the other sponges above men- 

 tioned, by a central excavation more or less cylindrical, large, 

 and deep. 



In Pheronema Annas, however, this cavity is not wide as in 

 Holtenia, but narrow as in Meyerina claviformis, and in like 

 manner branches off at the bottom, which is some distance 

 above the base of the sponge. Prof. Leidy describes it as a 

 " canal," whose orifice is only four lines in diameter, descending 

 in the axis of the sponge for " almost half its depth," when it 

 appears to divide into several branches. This is very like the 

 cavity in Meyerina claviformis. (For a description and 

 figure of Pheronema Annas, see l Month. Microscop. Journ.' 

 June 1, 1869, vol. i. p. 36 ; and ' American Naturalist,' 1871, 

 vol. iv. p. 17.) 



Labaria hemisphcerica, although possessing the birotulate 

 spicule, is, in addition to the bird's-nest form of its body, di- 

 stinguished from all the rest by the terminations respectively 

 of its spiniferous and smooth anchoring-spicules, especially the 

 latter (PL XIV. figs. 1 & 2) . While that of the former consists 

 of a tumid head armed with two round recurved spines oppo- 

 site like the flukes of an anchor (fig. 1), that of the smooth spicule 

 consists of a compressed head and two compressed spines or 

 arms expanded in the form of a crescent or leather-cutter's knife 

 to double the breadth of the spines on the head of the spini- 

 ferous spicule (fig. 2). Labaria is the only sponge possessing 

 the two kinds of anchoring-spicules in which I have seen the 

 termination of the smooth form. 



Euplectella cummer, which finishes my list, has already been 

 noticed in connexion with E. aspergillum and Habrodictyon. 

 [To be continued.] 



XLV. — On three new Species of Birds from Chefoo (North 

 China). By Robert Swinhoe, H.B.M. Consul at Chefoo. 



1. Golden-sided Grey Thrush. 

 This thrush was shot on the 14th May, on Lighthouse Is- 



